Entry Name Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action - Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah)
Description Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary and plays a critical role in cell growth, development, and metabolism throughout the body. GH secretion occurs episodically and is primarily under the control of two hypothalamic neuroendocrine hormones: GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates GH secretion, and somatostatin, which inhibits GH secretion. GHRH interacts with a G protein-coupled receptor (GHRHR) in somatotroph cells to activate the cAMP signaling pathway, which leads to increased GH mRNA transcription and release. Once released into the circulation, GH binds to cell-surface GHR in target tissues such as liver, muscle, bone, and adipose tissue. Binding leads to activation of JAK2 that in turn triggers an array of signaling cascade including Raf-MEK-ERK, PI3K-Akt, and STAT5. ERK, Akt, and STAT5 all promote growth via the synthesis and secretion of IGF-1.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map aju04935 Growth hormone synthesis, secretion and action
Ortholog table Organism Acinonyx jubatus (cheetah) [GN:
aju ]
Gene 106969942 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
106977809 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630 ]
106982494 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
106967098 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K05870 ]
106988085 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
106970423 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106987262 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106975473 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106978069 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
106987665 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X6 [KO:K09047 ]
106983500 cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X4 [KO:K09049 ]
106969439 pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09363 ]
106975317 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
106978946 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958 ]
106968786 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
106976077 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
106974264 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
106965473 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
106986998 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
106988999 voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
106979712 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
106972608 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692 ]
106972566 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A isoform X1 [KO:K11223 ]
106972565 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224 ]
106976917 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
106973297 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
106969150 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
106984896 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106984265 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106982756 insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile subunit [KO:K17256 ]
106989704 breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05726 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Nishad R, Mukhi D, Menon R K, Pasupulati A.
Title Growth Hormone and Metabolic Homeostasis
Journal Eur Med J 6:78-87 (2018)
Reference Authors Lu M, Flanagan JU, Langley RJ, Hay MP, Perry JK
Title Targeting growth hormone function: strategies and therapeutic applications.
Journal Reference Authors Argetsinger LS, Carter-Su C
Title Mechanism of signaling by growth hormone receptor.
Journal Reference Authors Carter-Su C, Schwartz J, Smit LS
Title Molecular mechanism of growth hormone action.
Journal Reference Authors Carter-Su C, Rui L, Herrington J
Title Role of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in signal transduction by growth hormone.
Journal Reference Authors Dehkhoda F, Lee CMM, Medina J, Brooks AJ
Title The Growth Hormone Receptor: Mechanism of Receptor Activation, Cell Signaling, and Physiological Aspects.
Journal Reference Authors Carter-Su C, Schwartz J, Argetsinger LS
Title Growth hormone signaling pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Berryman DE, Henry B, Hjortebjerg R, List EO, Kopchick JJ
Title Developments in our understanding of the effects of growth hormone on white adipose tissue from mice: implications to the clinic.
Journal Reference Authors Zhu T, Goh EL, LeRoith D, Lobie PE
Title Growth hormone stimulates the formation of a multiprotein signaling complex involving p130(Cas) and CrkII. Resultant activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase (JNK/SAPK).
Journal Reference Authors Choi S (ed).
Title Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules
Journal Reference Authors Gracia-Navarro F, Castano JP, Malagon MM, Sanchez-Hormigo A, Luque RM, Hickey GJ, Peinado JR, Delgado E, Martinez-Fuentes AJ
Title Research progress in the stimulatory inputs regulating growth hormone (GH) secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Bertherat J
Title Nuclear effects of the cAMP pathway activation in somatotrophs.
Journal Reference Authors Tuggle CK, Trenkle A
Title Control of growth hormone synthesis.
Journal Reference Authors Cohen LE, Hashimoto Y, Zanger K, Wondisford F, Radovick S
Title CREB-independent regulation by CBP is a novel mechanism of human growth hormone gene expression.
Journal Reference Authors Khatib N, Gaidhane S, Gaidhane AM, Khatib M, Simkhada P, Gode D, Zahiruddin QS
Title Ghrelin: ghrelin as a regulatory Peptide in growth hormone secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Lengyel AM
Title From growth hormone-releasing peptides to ghrelin: discovery of new modulators of GH secretion.
Journal Reference Authors Anderson LL, Jeftinija S, Scanes CG, Stromer MH, Lee JS, Jeftinija K, Glavaski-Joksimovic A
Title Physiology of ghrelin and related peptides.
Journal Reference Authors Camina JP, Carreira MC, Micic D, Pombo M, Kelestimur F, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF
Title Regulation of ghrelin secretion and action.
Journal Reference Authors Yang SK, Steyn F, Chen C
Title Influence of membrane ion channel in pituitary somatotrophs by hypothalamic regulators.
Journal Reference Authors Melmed S
Title Acromegaly pathogenesis and treatment.
Journal Reference Authors Rouault AAJ, Rosselli-Murai LK, Hernandez CC, Gimenez LE, Tall GG, Sebag JA
Title The GPCR accessory protein MRAP2 regulates both biased signaling and constitutive activity of the ghrelin receptor GHSR1a.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
