KEGG   PATHWAY: clud04140
Entry
clud04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Canis lupus dingo (dingo)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
clud04140  Autophagy - animal
clud04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Canis lupus dingo (dingo) [GN:clud]
Gene
112663225  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
112653816  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112669817  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
112655863  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07187]
112649305  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
112646871  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X5 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112661215  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112662621  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112666735  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
112660199  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112642563  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112640520  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112658031  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112648737  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112645463  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112656209  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X3 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
112663536  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
112665533  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
112664166  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
112660985  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
112645140  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
112667665  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
112661394  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112675721  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112666294  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112640050  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112677029  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112669083  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112656912  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
112651535  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
112640546  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
112677368  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
112672521  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15464]
112663472  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
112672911  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
112662048  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
112678102  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112645125  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
112640538  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
112655510  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112659290  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112671800  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17606]
112649885  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112643039  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
112676397  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112647287  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112663299  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
112667239  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
112678441  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
112657714  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
112659323  ATG2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
112646361  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
112653018  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
112672982  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X3 [KO:K22991]
112673121  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
112656368  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
112663904  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
112669383  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
112654567  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
112655275  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
112655282  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
112647262  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
112653307  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X3 [KO:K23610]
112649836  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
112666675  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
112668331  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
112659685  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
112677914  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112674687  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
112673681  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
112649751  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
112673049  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
112658386  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
112642344  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
112666174  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112647094  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
112652680  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
112666620  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112640987  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112665911  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X3 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112645941  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112659577  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112671968  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112644027  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02161]
112673768  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
112659359  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
112655399  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
112648727  BECN2; beclin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
112651329  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
112661148  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112647820  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
112657096  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
112663298  AMBRA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
112663495  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
112673843  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
112655513  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K21248]
112650293  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
112642158  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
112640939  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
112676732  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
112676516  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112658720  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112652886  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112662581  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
112644611  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112675787  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112666289  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112669459  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
112649329  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
112655637  high mobility group protein B1-like [KO:K10802]
112672546  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21250]
112664364  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112676135  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112658058  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112655483  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
112676795  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
112662145  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
112657698  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
112659624  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
112658362  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
112669920  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
112667455  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
112661595  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X2 [KO:K08337]
112653928  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X2 [KO:K17888]
112678467  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
112656294  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
112669298  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
112658853  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
112646664  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
112647498  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
112665380  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
112646796  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B isoform X2 [KO:K10435]
112648728  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
112673844  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
112647148  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112670041  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112666505  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112649268  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112655361  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
112658884  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
112655079  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
112670836  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
112646035  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
112666759  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X2 [KO:K02927]
112652755  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
112672414  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a isoform X1 [KO:K02977]
112670842  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
112649234  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
112647300  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
112676440  UBC; polyubiquitin-C isoform X1 [KO:K08770]
112677014  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
112664318  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08512]
125754196  synaptobrevin-like [KO:K08512]
112650728  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
112644131  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X2 [KO:K08488]
112647796  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
112670287  PLEKHM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
112671214  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
112673682  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
112676101  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
112676494  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
112676066  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
112661272  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
112664554  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112668081  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
112668744  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
112660644  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
112643201  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
112656142  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
112649154  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
112643570  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
112643829  procathepsin L-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112644575  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112673255  procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112669644  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
clud04010  MAPK signaling pathway
clud04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
clud04142  Lysosome
clud04150  mTOR signaling pathway
clud04152  AMPK signaling pathway
clud04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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