KEGG   PATHWAY: eai04932
Entry
eai04932                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Equus asinus (ass)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
eai04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
eai04932

Organism
Equus asinus (ass) [GN:eai]
Gene
106824372  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
106828529  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05055]
106845267  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
106825034  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
106831483  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
106825951  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
106833569  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
106844524  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X2 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106827854  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
106838201  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
106838100  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106829313  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106836695  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106840141  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
106822593  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106824993  PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
106835457  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106839597  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106843289  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106847952  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
106829188  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
106844011  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08536]
106845341  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08524]
106840596  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
106837100  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform X4 [KO:K09113]
106826280  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
106842304  MLX-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
106828491  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
106839522  leptin isoform X1 [KO:K05424]
106838762  LEPR; leptin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05062]
106832542  ADIPOQ; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
106840175  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
106839429  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07297]
106824750  PRKAA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
106833475  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
106847656  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
106844778  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
123280843  5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
106823337  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
106836814  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07200]
106838460  PRKAG3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
106824547  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106824582  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106846005  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106846006  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106845979  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
106829341  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08530]
106840004  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
106840518  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
106833665  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
106839421  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106831384  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106843729  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106824941  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform X1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
106835569  ERN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
106845532  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X4 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
106837192  MAP3K5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
106827712  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
106833477  JUN; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
106838556  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
106838557  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
123286234  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
123286693  interleukin-1 beta-like [KO:K04519]
106828957  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
106827572  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
106827744  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
106841091  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
106838669  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
106835113  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
106843812  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
106838571  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106827800  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
106842437  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
106833003  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
106838539  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X6 [KO:K16341]
106838268  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
106822180  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390]
106823493  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
106839441  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
106829744  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
106826627  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
106830081  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
106848104  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
106833485  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106828659  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106829925  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
106845129  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
106823773  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
106840869  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03947]
106848374  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
106832994  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
106834450  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
106829331  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
106829867  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
106848494  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
106844493  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X5 [KO:K03951]
106837867  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
106831495  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
106832206  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
106846147  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03955]
106832748  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
106831170  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352]
106825466  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K11353]
106825375  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
106842621  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
106823500  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
106823734  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
106829307  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
106841469  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
106844306  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X2 [KO:K03963]
106846749  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
106839361  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
106836226  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
106847989  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
106828149  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106827589  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106844019  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106843348  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
106830578  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K03938]
106835886  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
106834185  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106844280  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
106838418  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
106842890  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
106835869  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
106827983  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
106827584  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
106840217  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
106834965  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
808065  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
106841912  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
106830662  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
106841746  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
106822600  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
106835419  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
106841008  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
106827325  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
106834176  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
808054  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
808066  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
808064  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
106829176  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
106833711  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263]
106831275  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
106842542  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
106831875  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
106844790  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
106829247  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
106842364  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
123285498  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
106842554  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
106848636  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
106841238  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
106846922  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
106841203  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
106833641  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
123286886  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
eai00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
eai00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
eai03320  PPAR signaling pathway
eai04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
eai04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
eai04210  Apoptosis
eai04668  TNF signaling pathway
eai04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
eai04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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