Entry Name TNF signaling pathway - Equus asinus (ass)
Description Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as a critical cytokine, can induce a wide range of intracellular signal pathways including apoptosis and cell survival as well as inflammation and immunity. Activated TNF is assembled to a homotrimer and binds to its receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2) resulting in the trimerization of TNFR1 or TNFR2. TNFR1 is expressed by nearly all cells and is the major receptor for TNF (also called TNF-alpha). In contrast, TNFR2 is expressed in limited cells such as CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, neuron subtypes, cardiac myocytes, thymocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells. It is the receptor for both TNF and LTA (also called TNF-beta). Upon binding of the ligand, TNFR mediates the association of some adaptor proteins such as TRADD or TRAF2, which in turn initiate recruitment of signal transducers. TNFR1 signaling induces activation of many genes, primarily controlled by two distinct pathways, NF-kappa B pathway and the MAPK cascade, or apoptosis and necroptosis. TNFR2 signaling activates NF-kappa B pathway including PI3K-dependent NF-kappa B pathway and JNK pathway leading to survival.
Class Environmental Information Processing; Signal transductionBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Equus asinus (ass) [GN:
eai ]
Gene 106822180 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390 ]
106822449 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171 ]
106822712 NOD2; nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10165 ]
106823485 CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724 ]
106824656 BAG4; BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09558 ]
106824993 PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
106825951 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
106827146 TRAF5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TNF receptor-associated factor 5 [KO:K09849 ]
106827389 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453 ]
106828159 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
106829313 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106829982 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
106831009 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049 ]
106831046 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
106831483 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
106832323 CREB3L3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
106832710 TAB3; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12793 ]
106836661 TNFRSF1B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B isoform X1 [KO:K05141 ]
106836695 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106836857 TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403 ]
106837218 TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404 ]
106837905 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04450 ]
106838100 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106840141 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
106841026 CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427 ]
106841578 VEGFD; vascular endothelial growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05449 ]
106842437 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
106843990 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
106846249 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
106846981 CREB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
123277248 CEBPB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta [KO:K10048 ]
Reference Authors Chu WM
Title Tumor necrosis factor.
Journal Reference Authors Shuh M, Bohorquez H, Loss GE Jr, Cohen AJ
Title Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha: Life and Death of Hepatocytes During Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.
Journal Ochsner J 13:119-30 (2013)
Reference Authors MacEwan DJ
Title TNF receptor subtype signalling: differences and cellular consequences.
Journal Reference Authors Newton K, Dixit VM
Title Signaling in innate immunity and inflammation.
Journal Reference Authors Pomerantz JL, Baltimore D
Title NF-kappaB activation by a signaling complex containing TRAF2, TANK and TBK1, a novel IKK-related kinase.
Journal Reference Authors Naude PJ, den Boer JA, Luiten PG, Eisel UL
Title Tumor necrosis factor receptor cross-talk.
Journal Reference Authors Faustman D, Davis M
Title TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Chan FK, Shisler J, Bixby JG, Felices M, Zheng L, Appel M, Orenstein J, Moss B, Lenardo MJ
Title A role for tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 and receptor-interacting protein in programmed necrosis and antiviral responses.
Journal Reference Authors Lee MY, Nam KH, Choi KC
Title iRhoms; Its Functions and Essential Roles.
Journal Related KO pathway
