KEGG   PATHWAY: eai04210
Entry
eai04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Equus asinus (ass)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
eai04210  Apoptosis
eai04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Equus asinus (ass) [GN:eai]
Gene
106821906  SEPTIN4; septin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
106822169  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
106822180  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390]
106822449  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
106822450  NOL3; nucleolar protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K28177]
106822582  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
106822593  [KO:K02649]
106823485  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
106823486  CASP10; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-10 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
106823493  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
106823864  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
106824102  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
106824192  [KO:K19901]
106824204  TRAF1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
106824953  PIDD1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
106824973  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
106824993  PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
106825034  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
106825069  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
106825078  CTSZ; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
106825118  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
106825548  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
106825951  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
106826000  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X6 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106826120  [KO:K04722]
106826191  [KO:K07374]
106826627  [KO:K08738]
106826945  PTPN13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
106827252  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
106827323  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
106827712  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
106827800  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
106828005  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X2 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
106828029  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106828030  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106828084  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
106828447  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106828474  LMNA; lamin isoform X1 [KO:K12641]
106828814  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
106828957  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
106829313  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106829345  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106829397  [KO:K07827]
106829535  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
106829744  [KO:K08738]
106829803  PLA2G12A; group XIIA secretory phospholipase A2 isoform X3 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
106829909  [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
106829977  PARP4; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
106830081  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
106830400  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106830406  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106830409  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106830410  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106830417  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106830640  PRF1; perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
106830753  PARP3; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
106830991  [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106831384  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106831483  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
106832322  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106832883  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
106833003  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
106833025  CTSO; cathepsin O isoform X1 [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
106833295  PARP2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K28005]
106833477  JUN; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
106833524  CTSF; cathepsin F isoform X1 [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
106833555  CTSW; cathepsin W isoform X2 [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
106833569  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
106833590  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
106833626  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
106833712  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
106833825  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
106833854  CASP2; caspase-2 isoform X3 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
106834033  [KO:K07374]
106834158  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
106834208  LMNB2; lamin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
106834586  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
106834593  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
106834634  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
106834887  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
106835457  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106835569  ERN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
106835678  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
106835685  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
106836478  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
106836684  DFFA; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02310]
106836695  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106836806  [KO:K07374]
106836811  [KO:K07374]
106837192  MAP3K5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
106837636  [KO:K04738]
106837637  [KO:K04738]
106837654  [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
106838100  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106838268  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
106838348  BCL2A1; bcl-2-related protein A1 [KO:K02162]
106838539  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X6 [KO:K16341]
106838571  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106838669  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
106838803  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
106839421  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106839441  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
106839445  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
106839597  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106839763  HRK; activator of apoptosis harakiri [KO:K02512]
106840141  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
106840555  [KO:K07374]
106840558  [KO:K07374]
106840602  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106840814  CTSH; pro-cathepsin H isoform X1 [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
106842058  [KO:K05692]
106842307  DIABLO; diablo homolog, mitochondrial [KO:K10522]
106842437  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
106842499  PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131]
106842814  LMNB1; lamin-B1 isoform X2 [KO:K07611]
106843289  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106843652  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106843729  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106844218  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
106844429  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
106844661  DFFB; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
106844743  [KO:K07374]
106845162  BBC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bcl-2-binding component 3 [KO:K10132]
106845247  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
106845309  ENDOG; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
106845429  SPTAN1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 [KO:K06114]
106845532  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X4 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
106845632  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106845778  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
106845876  BIRC3; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 [KO:K16060]
106845877  BIRC2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 [KO:K16060]
106846372  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070]
106846533  CTSK; cathepsin K isoform X1 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
106846535  CTSS; cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
106846539  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
106846705  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
106847102  AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
106847522  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04721]
106847693  [KO:K04722]
106847888  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106848104  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
106848234  CTSC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
106848262  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106848450  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
106848556  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106848588  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106848589  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106848592  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106848611  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
106848613  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
123275602  [KO:K04722]
123275613  [KO:K07374]
123275657  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
123283066  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Reference
PMID:36652128
  Authors
Liu K, Lan D, Li C, Liu S, Dai X, Song T, Wang X, Kong Q, He Z, Tan J, Zhang J
  Title
A double-edged sword: role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  Journal
Apoptosis 28:313-325 (2023)
DOI:10.1007/s10495-022-01802-4
Related
pathway
eai04010  MAPK signaling pathway
eai04020  Calcium signaling pathway
eai04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
eai04115  p53 signaling pathway
eai04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
eai04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
eai04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
eai04668  TNF signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04210   

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