KEGG   PATHWAY: eai05225
Entry
eai05225                    Pathway                                
Name
Hepatocellular carcinoma - Equus asinus (ass)
Description
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major type of primary liver cancer and one of the rare human neoplasms etiologically linked to viral factors. It has been shown that, after HBV/HCV infection and alcohol or aflatoxin B1 exposure, genetic and epigenetic changes occur. The recurrent mutated genes were found to be highly enriched in multiple key driver signaling processes, including telomere maintenance, TP53, cell cycle regulation, the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (CTNNB1 and AXIN1), the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Recent studies using whole-exome sequencing have revealed recurrent mutations in new driver genes involved in the chromatin remodelling (ARID1A and ARID2) and the oxidative stress (NFE2L2) pathways.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
eai05225  Hepatocellular carcinoma
eai05225

Organism
Equus asinus (ass) [GN:eai]
Gene
106828311  TGFA; protransforming growth factor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08774]
106824133  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106824098  insulin-like growth factor II isoform X3 [KO:K13769]
106836604  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106834358  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
106832855  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
106835567  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106823831  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106840859  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
106847985  ELK1; ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 [KO:K04375]
106828516  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K06279]
106834253  SHC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
106841633  SHC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
106838625  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
106830292  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364]
106825844  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
106839506  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
106824973  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
106825548  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
106829397  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
106835678  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
106847984  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106842618  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X8 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106829345  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106830991  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106840602  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106832322  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
106845632  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106848262  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
106838100  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106829313  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106836695  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
106840141  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
106822593  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
106824993  PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
106845897  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
106835457  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106839597  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106843289  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106836676  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X3 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106833496  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106841135  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106833626  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
106833712  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
106824829  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein isoform X3 [KO:K04377]
106829635  RB1; retinoblastoma-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K06618]
106823225  E2F1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
106839983  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 [KO:K09389]
106847694  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 isoform X3 [KO:K06620]
106835880  TERT; telomerase reverse transcriptase [KO:K11126] [EC:2.7.7.49]
106844218  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
106824579  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
106834158  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
106825069  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
106825118  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
106838268  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
106834586  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
106844006  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 [KO:K10140]
106824006  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa isoform X1 [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
106824796  cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B-like isoform X1 [KO:K06621]
106833016  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
106832259  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
106844248  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
106843812  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
106836714  TGFB2; transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13376]
106830938  TGFB3; transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13377]
106842924  TGFBR1; TGF-beta receptor type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04674] [EC:2.7.11.30]
106830994  TGFBR2; TGF-beta receptor type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04388] [EC:2.7.11.30]
106831216  SMAD2; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04500]
106840608  SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X1 [KO:K23605]
106834799  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501]
106836901  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
106829346  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
106828591  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
106836509  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
106821809  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
106840003  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X1 [KO:K00408]
106848670  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
106824632  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b isoform X1 [KO:K00444]
106838461  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 isoform X3 [KO:K00445]
106829376  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a isoform X1 [KO:K00572]
106845973  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X2 [KO:K00572]
106839204  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a isoform X3 [KO:K00714]
106846753  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
106836490  WNT9B; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
106821810  protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
123289075  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-9a-like [KO:K01064]
106836816  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
106838468  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
106840396  WNT11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
106829817  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 [KO:K01558]
106843140  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
106832232  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
106836460  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
106832528  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
106848251  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
106828163  FZD5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
106823513  FZD8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
106822374  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
106841840  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
106837127  FZD9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
106844271  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
106834121  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
106845228  DVL1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 [KO:K02353]
106844176  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
106834527  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353]
106844950  FRAT1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
123278957  FRAT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
106829188  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
106836161  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
106835348  AXIN2; axin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04385]
106834222  APC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
106832251  APC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenomatous polyposis coli protein [KO:K02085]
106828390  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
106838484  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
106834657  TCF7; transcription factor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K02620]
106838609  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 [KO:K04490]
106848101  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04491]
106829814  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
106846624  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
106826597  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
106825719  HMOX1; heme oxygenase 1 [KO:K00510] [EC:1.14.14.18]
106842135  NQO1; NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 [KO:K00355] [EC:1.6.5.2]
106838858  MGST2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106827410  glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106827032  glutathione S-transferase A1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106845581  glutathione S-transferase A4-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106845583  GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106845585  glutathione S-transferase A2-like isoform X3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106845586  glutathione S-transferase A2-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106827354  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106827366  glutathione S-transferase Mu 4 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106827367  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106847117  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106824241  glutathione S-transferase A2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106824251  glutathione S-transferase A1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106846960  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106833484  glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106833499  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106831129  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106847146  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123275597  glutathione S-transferase theta-3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123287744  glutathione S-transferase A1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123288362  glutathione S-transferase A1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106833486  glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106833487  glutathione S-transferase P-like [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
106846792  TXNRD1; thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic isoform X1 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
106834463  TXNRD3; thioredoxin reductase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
106822094  TXNRD2; thioredoxin reductase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K22182] [EC:1.8.1.9]
106840178  HGF; hepatocyte growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K05460]
106829287  MET; hepatocyte growth factor receptor [KO:K05099] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106829157  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09593]
106845778  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
106827323  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
106842058  actin, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K05692]
106829308  ACTL6A; actin-like protein 6A isoform X2 [KO:K11340]
106839314  ACTL6B; actin-like protein 6B isoform X1 [KO:K11652]
106845050  SMARCD1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 1 isoform X4 [KO:K11650]
106823348  SMARCD3; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 3 isoform X3 [KO:K11650]
106835531  SMARCD2; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily D member 2 [KO:K11650]
106846761  PHF10; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: PHD finger protein 10 [KO:K22197]
106836056  DPF1; zinc finger protein neuro-d4 isoform X1 [KO:K22198]
106827714  DPF3; zinc finger protein DPF3 isoform X1 [KO:K22198]
106834941  ARID1B; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1B isoform X1 [KO:K11653]
106839914  ARID1A; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 1A isoform X2 [KO:K11653]
106826449  SMARCE1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 isoform X2 [KO:K11651]
106837166  SMARCB1; SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11648]
106832943  SMARCC2; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC2 [KO:K11649]
106846486  SMARCC1; SWI/SNF complex subunit SMARCC1 [KO:K11649]
106834851  SMARCA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable global transcription activator SNF2L2 [KO:K11647] [EC:5.6.2.-]
106846614  transcription activator BRG1 [KO:K11647] [EC:5.6.2.-]
106843437  ARID2; AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11765]
106848696  PBRM1; protein polybromo-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11757]
106824122  BRD7; bromodomain-containing protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K11723]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00039  DNA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01471  Acrolein
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06793  Vinyl chloride
C06800  Aflatoxin B1
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C21641  Hydroperoxyl radical
C21642  4-Hydroxynonenal
Reference
PMID:20639898
  Authors
Whittaker S, Marais R, Zhu AX
  Title
The role of signaling pathways in the development and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Oncogene 29:4989-5005 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/onc.2010.236
Reference
PMID:26099527
  Authors
Zucman-Rossi J, Villanueva A, Nault JC, Llovet JM
  Title
Genetic Landscape and Biomarkers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 149:1226-1239.e4 (2015)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.05.061
Reference
PMID:17295177
  Authors
Villanueva A, Newell P, Chiang DY, Friedman SL, Llovet JM.
  Title
Genomics and signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Semin Liver Dis 27:55-76 (2007)
DOI:10.1055/s-2006-960171
Reference
PMID:16799620
  Authors
Breuhahn K, Longerich T, Schirmacher P
  Title
Dysregulation of growth factor signaling in human hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Oncogene 25:3787-800 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1209556
Reference
PMID:19387255
  Authors
Minguez B, Tovar V, Chiang D, Villanueva A, Llovet JM
  Title
Pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma and molecular therapies.
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Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25:186-94 (2009)
DOI:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32832962a1
Reference
PMID:21829020
  Authors
Kudo M
  Title
Signaling pathway and molecular-targeted therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Dig Dis 29:289-302 (2011)
DOI:10.1159/000327562
Reference
PMID:23994386
  Authors
Nault JC, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
Genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma: the next generation.
  Journal
J Hepatol 60:224-6 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.08.019
Reference
PMID:11935086
  Authors
Rocken C, Carl-McGrath S.
  Title
Pathology and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Dig Dis 19:269-78 (2001)
DOI:10.1159/000050693
Reference
PMID:21303380
  Authors
Cornella H, Alsinet C, Villanueva A
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35:821-5 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01406.x
Reference
PMID:27895396
  Authors
Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH
  Title
Genetic alterations in hepatocellular carcinoma: An update.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 22:9069-9095 (2016)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9069
Reference
PMID:11956813
  Authors
Tannapfel A, Wittekind C
  Title
Genes involved in hepatocellular carcinoma: deregulation in cell cycling and apoptosis.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 440:345-52 (2002)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-002-0617-x
Reference
PMID:23426905
  Authors
Shiraha H, Yamamoto K, Namba M
  Title
Human hepatocyte carcinogenesis (review).
  Journal
Int J Oncol 42:1133-8 (2013)
DOI:10.3892/ijo.2013.1829
Reference
PMID:23887712
  Authors
Nault JC, Mallet M, Pilati C, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Laurent C, Laurent A, Cherqui D, Balabaud C, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
High frequency of telomerase reverse-transcriptase promoter somatic mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions.
  Journal
Nat Commun 4:2218 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/ncomms3218
Reference
PMID:22561517
  Authors
Guichard C, Amaddeo G, Imbeaud S, Ladeiro Y, Pelletier L, Maad IB, Calderaro J, Bioulac-Sage P, Letexier M, Degos F, Clement B, Balabaud C, Chevet E, Laurent A, Couchy G, Letouze E, Calvo F, Zucman-Rossi J
  Title
Integrated analysis of somatic mutations and focal copy-number changes identifies key genes and pathways in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
Nat Genet 44:694-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/ng.2256
Reference
  Authors
Praslicka BJ, Kerins MJ, Ooi A
  Title
The complex role of NRF2 in cancer: a genomic view
  Journal
Curr Opin Toxicol 1:37-45 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cotox.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:24024136
  Authors
Kansanen E, Kuosmanen SM, Leinonen H, Levonen AL
  Title
The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: Mechanisms of activation and dysregulation in cancer.
  Journal
Redox Biol 1:45-9 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.redox.2012.10.001
Reference
PMID:21251164
  Authors
Taguchi K, Motohashi H, Yamamoto M
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in stress response and cancer evolution.
  Journal
Genes Cells 16:123-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2443.2010.01473.x
Reference
PMID:20019356
  Authors
Klaunig JE, Kamendulis LM, Hocevar BA
  Title
Oxidative stress and oxidative damage in carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Toxicol Pathol 38:96-109 (2010)
DOI:10.1177/0192623309356453
Reference
PMID:11193292
  Authors
Krupp G, Bonatz G, Parwaresch R
  Title
Telomerase, immortality and cancer.
  Journal
Biotechnol Annu Rev 6:103-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S1387-2656(00)06020-8
Reference
PMID:27323951
  Authors
Jafri MA, Ansari SA, Alqahtani MH, Shay JW
  Title
Roles of telomeres and telomerase in cancer, and advances in telomerase-targeted therapies.
  Journal
Genome Med 8:69 (2016)
DOI:10.1186/s13073-016-0324-x
Reference
PMID:27029895
  Authors
Shay JW
  Title
Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Aging and Cancer.
  Journal
Cancer Discov 6:584-93 (2016)
DOI:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-16-0062
Reference
PMID:27508192
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Granito A, Guidetti E, Gramantieri L
  Title
c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a molecular target in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
  Journal
J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2:29-38 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/JHC.S77038
Reference
PMID:16934487
  Authors
Vita M, Henriksson M
  Title
The Myc oncoprotein as a therapeutic target for human cancer.
  Journal
Semin Cancer Biol 16:318-30 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcancer.2006.07.015
Reference
PMID:24096051
  Authors
Qu A, Jiang C, Cai Y, Kim JH, Tanaka N, Ward JM, Shah YM, Gonzalez FJ
  Title
Role of Myc in hepatocellular proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis.
  Journal
J Hepatol 60:331-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.024
Related
pathway
eai04010  MAPK signaling pathway
eai04020  Calcium signaling pathway
eai04110  Cell cycle
eai04115  p53 signaling pathway
eai04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
eai04310  Wnt signaling pathway
eai04350  TGF-beta signaling pathway
eai04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
eai04936  Alcoholic liver disease
eai05160  Hepatitis C
eai05161  Hepatitis B
KO pathway
ko05225   
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