KEGG   PATHWAY: llv05012
Entry
llv05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Lutra lutra (Eurasian river otter)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
llv05012  Parkinson disease
llv05012

Organism
Lutra lutra (Eurasian river otter) [GN:llv]
Gene
125081839  adenosine receptor A2a isoform X1 [KO:K04266]
125081981  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04633]
125108178  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
125108177  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas-like [KO:K04632]
125080012  D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
125079775  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
125081463  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
125097631  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
125103305  adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
125083608  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125097539  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
125099956  D(1A) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04144]
125091384  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
125079965  ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
125100166  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
125108923  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
125102899  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
125081993  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
125108777  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
125084841  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
125087415  polyubiquitin-B isoform X1 [KO:K04551]
125099136  polyubiquitin [KO:K04551]
125082105  polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
125083455  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125083471  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125095313  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125082080  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125079476  ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6-like isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125085597  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2-like [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125097710  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125102495  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125093348  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125086725  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1-like [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125095663  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1-like [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
125102349  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
125093175  alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
125081324  prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
125082444  septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
125100737  synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
125104146  proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125109995  proteasome subunit alpha type-2-like [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125080624  proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125108598  proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125082245  proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125097859  proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125100126  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit alpha type-1-like [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125079111  proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125103789  proteasome subunit alpha type-1-like [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125104069  proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125088052  proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125083212  proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125086953  proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125098622  proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125105071  proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125103078  proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125097141  proteasome subunit beta type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
125096092  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
125081460  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
125104108  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
125089639  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
125099654  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B-like [KO:K03064]
125103928  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
125078966  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
125087452  26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
125101380  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
125095187  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
125087556  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
125082300  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
125087622  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
125087268  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
125110307  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
125089556  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
125079296  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039]
125097439  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
125095471  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
125089490  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
125108403  proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
125100241  26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1-like [KO:K10881]
125080895  26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
125093667  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
125080796  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1-like [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
125099896  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
125107709  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
125092830  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
125109105  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
125104272  calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
125104293  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
125097034  calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
125097532  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
125089454  calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
125100120  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
125084354  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
125093303  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
125080735  calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
125086936  microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
125104347  ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
125109360  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
125107116  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
125103123  inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
125109927  1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
125083228  endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
125085601  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
125106097  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
125086988  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
125081642  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC125081642 [KO:K09027]
125108962  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125105209  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
125106338  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
125078776  tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
125091589  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B-like [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
125091588  uncharacterized protein LOC125091588 isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
125100023  sodium-dependent dopamine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K05036]
125084489  synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
125093993  chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
125107258  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
125085654  zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
125087079  zinc transporter ZIP3 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
125105321  zinc transporter ZIP2-like isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
125097883  zinc transporter ZIP4-like [KO:K14710]
125107982  zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
125082143  zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
125102137  zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
125093223  metal cation symporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
125104359  zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
125094963  zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
125086821  zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
125107987  zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
125078964  zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
125092856  metal cation symporter ZIP14 [KO:K14720]
71922402  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
71922406  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
71922421  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
71922424  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
71922423  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
71922428  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
71922429  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125079144  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125107912  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125081923  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125093717  nucleolar and coiled-body phosphoprotein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
125091362  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
125108496  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
125100354  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
125094229  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2-like [KO:K03946]
125088848  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K03947]
125081117  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
125107352  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
125091808  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
125094078  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
125080931  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
125106375  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
125085932  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
125083711  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8-like [KO:K03952]
125088846  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
125106590  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
125095304  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
125090987  acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
125088449  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11-like [KO:K03956]
125106370  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
125081657  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
125091537  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
125085582  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03957]
125080587  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03958]
125094996  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
125097907  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like [KO:K03960]
125100711  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
125083630  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
125083554  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
125085175  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
125096953  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
125104059  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10-like [KO:K03966]
125090506  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
125091408  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
125095035  NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125085766  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125078280  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125096286  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125100031  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
125097856  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
125100336  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
125089153  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125078801  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125104453  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
125093405  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
125107051  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
125078368  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
125100859  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
125097891  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
125085786  succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
125110335  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00237]
125089498  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
71922431  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
125097461  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
125080688  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
125095337  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
125090285  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00415]
125097897  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
125099302  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
125088620  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
125098858  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
125100787  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
125084995  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9-like [KO:K00419]
125082667  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
125094379  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
125089233  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
71922419  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
71922412  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
71922415  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
125085010  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02263]
125109679  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
125089146  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
125084063  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02264]
125105228  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
125109731  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
125078878  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
125081662  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
125090669  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
125102537  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
125088465  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
125089137  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
125097548  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
125091830  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
125108724  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
125101862  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
125088454  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
125106771  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
125091810  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
125078870  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
125094364  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
125097679  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
125100628  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
125091285  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
125078677  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
125103906  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
125082374  ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
125106433  ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
125106361  ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
125089163  ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
125108884  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
125101556  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
125103329  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
71922418  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
125097179  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
125084568  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125093193  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125102334  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125095139  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125095210  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125095763  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
125087945  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
125096423  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125080864  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125081272  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125106031  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
125082594  ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
125099178  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125101037  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
125078149  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125093488  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125087224  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125104881  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125080785  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125089234  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
125084993  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02137]
125094993  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
125095301  ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
125097148  serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125084524  calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
125106618  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2-like [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125108306  serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
125091009  heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
125100315  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
125081242  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
125084591  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
125092799  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
125107880  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
125091556  ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
125091941  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
125092137  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
125093372  ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
125094113  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
125085020  peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
125109865  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c homolog [KO:K08738]
125080891  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
125082666  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
125106261  apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
125098709  caspase-9-like isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
125091274  caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
125097941  Parkinson disease protein 7 homolog [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
125108270  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
125086017  apoptosis regulator BAX-like [KO:K02159]
125089829  apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
125100641  mitofusin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
125098037  mitofusin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
125095859  kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
125106653  kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
125107354  kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
125078492  kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
125102372  kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
125104608  kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
125089545  kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
125085593  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
125086043  tubulin alpha-8 chain-like [KO:K07374]
125094690  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
125095116  tubulin alpha-4A chain-like [KO:K07374]
125095140  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
125096476  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
125088530  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
125097294  tubulin alpha-8 chain-like [KO:K07374]
125106192  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
125106193  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
125081884  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
125081976  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
125106546  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
125106792  tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
125107228  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
125108883  tubulin beta-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
125101802  tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
125101908  tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
125102491  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
125086294  tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
125094678  tubulin beta chain-like [KO:K07375]
125082337  tubulin beta-5 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
125082867  tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
125089483  uncharacterized protein LOC125089483 [KO:K07375]
125087037  cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
125100671  dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
125095781  nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
125083570  thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
125106659  thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
125102313  death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
125103005  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
125099732  mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125084526  mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125093137  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125095124  superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
125084836  kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
  Journal
Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02423.x
Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
  Journal
Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.153
Reference
PMID:27829983
  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
  Journal
Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
DOI:10.1155/2016/3472032
Reference
PMID:21674642
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Biofactors 37:228-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1002/biof.159
Reference
PMID:24522549
  Authors
Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
  Title
Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s12017-014-8294-x
Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
  Title
The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
  Journal
Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.008
Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.007
Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
DOI:10.3233/JPD-160989
Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.005
Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
  Journal
Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_8
Reference
PMID:31054074
  Authors
Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
DOI:10.1007/s10863-019-09798-4
Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
DOI:10.1007/s00702-019-01997-y
Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
  Journal
Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
llv00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
llv00350  Tyrosine metabolism
llv03050  Proteasome
llv04020  Calcium signaling pathway
llv04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
llv04137  Mitophagy - animal
llv04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
llv04210  Apoptosis
llv04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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