KEGG   PATHWAY: mmur04140
Entry
mmur04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Microcebus murinus (gray mouse lemur)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
mmur04140  Autophagy - animal
mmur04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Microcebus murinus (gray mouse lemur) [GN:mmur]
Gene
105859822  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
105871266  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
105862871  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
105864251  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07187]
105868385  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
105863379  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
105862660  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105855821  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105886063  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
105881219  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105855026  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
105877483  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
105859676  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105861093  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105876768  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105863738  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105870314  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
105857697  tensin-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
105874032  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
105857286  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
105878710  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
105862669  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
105865643  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07829]
105880000  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
105882676  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105868083  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105873938  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
105870697  mitogen-activated protein kinase 6-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105877796  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105871124  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105878319  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
105870168  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
105859584  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
105859868  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
105880309  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
105883192  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
105884979  RPTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
105865324  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
105886039  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105865626  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
105859640  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
105867475  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105874527  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105855331  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
105882048  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105869976  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105879455  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105856303  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105885072  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
105870326  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
105885261  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
105885803  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
105878494  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
105868428  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
105861685  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
105878085  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
105856411  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
105883170  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B isoform X2 [KO:K17907]
105857669  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
105882308  transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
105862078  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
105861975  SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
105856525  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
105871179  C10H9orf72; protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
105867954  ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
105861454  ras-related protein Rab-44-like [KO:K07901]
105866119  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
105885196  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
105880966  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
105855035  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
105871537  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A isoform X1 [KO:K07874]
105867075  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
105874131  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
105863615  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
105879551  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
105860784  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105882576  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105878394  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105867963  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105861780  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105875067  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105860097  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105874790  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105864291  mitogen-activated protein kinase 10-like isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105865754  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
105876728  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
105867140  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
105870495  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
105865947  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
105878474  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
105859442  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
105870250  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
105872695  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105885389  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
105867661  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
105885026  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
105856828  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
105865822  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
105874759  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
105873774  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
105860307  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
105861773  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
105879751  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
105880914  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105863624  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
105861700  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
105869384  ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
105873943  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105868109  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105855614  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105861171  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
105875612  high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
105876638  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105872427  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105880242  EIF2S1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
105870916  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105871503  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105869056  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X7 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
105858144  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
105859520  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
105864958  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
105886147  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
105860298  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
105882655  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
105882205  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
105883910  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
105856964  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
105872355  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
105858204  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
105875460  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
105877898  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
105866301  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
105855051  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
105863722  microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435]
105863733  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
105865824  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
105863441  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105885584  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105872807  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105866388  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
105859425  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
105871996  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
105872219  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
105875934  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K21347]
105874801  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
105855017  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
105880847  ubiquitin isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
105878428  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
105861946  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
105873007  polyubiquitin-like [KO:K04551]
105877779  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
105860870  vesicle-associated membrane protein 8-like [KO:K08512]
105876593  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
105858408  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
105855557  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
105885406  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
105883599  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
105876025  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
105866051  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
105872461  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
105880891  VPS33A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
105872500  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
105878260  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
105884475  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
105880708  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
105858798  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
105882988  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
105883796  ras-related protein Rab-7a-like [KO:K07897]
105868893  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
105856953  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
105871937  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
105859823  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
105881337  cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105855641  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105857855  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105864815  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
mmur04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mmur04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mmur04142  Lysosome
mmur04150  mTOR signaling pathway
mmur04152  AMPK signaling pathway
mmur04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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