Entry Name Autophagy - animal - Polypterus senegalus (gray bichir)
Description Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Polypterus senegalus (gray bichir) [GN:
psex ]
Gene 120514216 pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
120514803 deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402 ]
120515367 tax1bp1b; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K21347 ]
120516864 map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435 ]
120517113 plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282 ]
120517128 wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991 ]
120517505 wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908 ]
120518173 rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204 ]
120518323 vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181 ]
120518545 atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
120518706 eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237 ]
120523347 uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249 ]
120524010 supt20; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245 ]
120525161 rhebl1; ras homolog, mTORC1 binding like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07208 ]
120529534 vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184 ]
120530385 ambra1a; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1a [KO:K17985 ]
120530839 pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
120530887 pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
120530990 vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180 ]
120532487 wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262 ]
120532558 pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
120532592 pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
120532626 si:ch73-234b20.5; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512 ]
120533773 atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906 ]
120535523 gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341 ]
120535596 map1lc3b; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435 ]
120535988 vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179 ]
120536333 rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330 ]
120537266 lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528 ]
120537570 pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
120538694 hif1al; hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha, like isoform X1 [KO:K08268 ]
120538711 si:ch211-11n16.2; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603 ]
120538854 vamp8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08512 ]
120539934 bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464 ]
120540270 atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337 ]
120540836 vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182 ]
120541866 wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991 ]
120542003 ppp2cab; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
120543040 ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120543386 wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908 ]
120543397 mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit lst8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
Compound C00350 Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
Title Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
Journal Reference Authors Deretic V.
Title Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
Journal Reference Authors Levine B, Yuan J.
Title Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
Journal Reference Authors Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
Title LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
Journal Reference Authors Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
Title Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
Journal Reference Authors Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
Title Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
Journal Reference Authors Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
Title Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
Journal Reference Authors Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
Title Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
Journal Reference Authors He C, Klionsky DJ
Title Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
Journal Reference Authors Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
Title An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
Journal Reference Authors Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
Title Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
Journal Reference Authors Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
Title The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
Journal Reference Authors Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
Title The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
Journal Reference Authors Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
Title Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
Journal Reference Authors Noda NN, Fujioka Y
Title Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
Journal Related psex04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
