KEGG   PATHWAY: xco04140
Entry
xco04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Xiphophorus couchianus (Monterrey platyfish)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
xco04140  Autophagy - animal
xco04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Xiphophorus couchianus (Monterrey platyfish) [GN:xco]
Gene
114133209  dapk2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114133298  [KO:K17603]
114133342  [KO:K21248]
114133457  ulk2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114133501  [KO:K08268]
114133938  [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
114134115  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114134257  eif2ak4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114134332  [KO:K17603]
114134388  atg9a; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X1 [KO:K17907]
114134418  hif1a; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
114134426  c9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
114134492  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
114134594  vps39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
114134784  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114134826  atg2b; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
114134866  atg7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
114135093  [KO:K07897]
114135099  [KO:K07897]
114135172  mtmr14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
114135196  [KO:K07208]
114135338  [KO:K04570]
114135479  [KO:K04958]
114135620  prkcd; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
114135737  hras; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
114136075  map1lc3a; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
114136165  [KO:K07897]
114136183  itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
114136997  [KO:K11248]
114137048  vps41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
114137159  [KO:K26797]
114137526  [KO:K08270]
114137547  [KO:K07874]
114137669  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114137730  bnip3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
114137948  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114138068  [KO:K02977]
114138179  [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
114138326  birc6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
114138539  atg13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
114138792  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
114138879  lamp2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
114138926  [KO:K07920]
114139131  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114139383  [KO:K10435]
114139401  atg2a; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
114139605  sqstm1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
114139621  [KO:K04526]
114140419  [KO:K07187]
114140492  atg3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 isoform X1 [KO:K08343]
114140537  vps16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
114140577  raf1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114140696  atg12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
114141148  tax1bp1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
114141249  [KO:K07187]
114141391  [KO:K02649]
114141578  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
114141625  atg5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
114141648  stx17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
114141873  deptor; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
114141953  rragc; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
114141968  pik3r4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114141969  [KO:K02977]
114142188  [KO:K08341]
114142755  [KO:K21247]
114142760  traf6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
114142967  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
114143027  rras2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
114143064  [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
114143297  lamp1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
114143461  [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
114143674  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114143695  [KO:K08341]
114143994  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
114144230  rptor; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
114144309  map1lc3c; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
114144319  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114144458  [KO:K07874]
114144509  [KO:K07206]
114144564  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114144576  [KO:K02649]
114144578  ppp2cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
114144594  tsc2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
114144649  prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
114144651  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114144881  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114145225  [KO:K23611]
114145497  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
114145908  [KO:K02649]
114146103  [KO:K02649]
114146154  [KO:K07901]
114146401  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
114146436  rb1cc1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
114146479  [KO:K17907]
114146495  bcl2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
114146763  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114146809  atg10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
114146827  mtor; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114146878  [KO:K26797]
114146932  stk11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114146973  dapk3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114147079  rheb; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
114147126  [KO:K26797]
114147495  [KO:K07920]
114147878  [KO:K07187]
114147892  [KO:K07830]
114147948  cflar; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
114148358  mras; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
114148546  [KO:K06528]
114148610  [KO:K17908]
114148627  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
114148662  gorasp2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
114148692  tank; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
114149149  prkaa1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
114149262  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
114149275  wdr41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
114149301  [KO:K15464]
114149393  [KO:K08512]
114149469  ulk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114149511  [KO:K07206]
114149695  [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
114150017  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114150194  wdr45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
114150446  nrbf2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
114150480  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
114150541  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114150599  [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
114150685  [KO:K02649]
114150720  uba52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
114150831  prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
114150901  prkaa2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
114150954  rubcn; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
114150965  wipi1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
114151242  [KO:K07901]
114151256  atg4b; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
114151412  atg4c; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
114151477  map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
114151722  [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114151846  [KO:K10435]
114151895  wdr45b; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
114151964  becn1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
114151973  ddit4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
114151977  calcoco2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
114152134  plekhm1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
114152337  nbr1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
114152467  ppp2ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
114152511  [KO:K10802]
114152734  atg101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
114152870  mtmr4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
114152879  vmp1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
114152972  supt20h; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
114153064  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114153066  uvrag; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
114153394  vps11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
114153611  [KO:K16185]
114153662  igbp1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
114153755  ins; insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
114153796  [KO:K07925]
114154101  vps33a; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
114154145  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114154184  mtmr3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
114154331  [KO:K08512]
114154332  [KO:K08512]
114154499  ambra1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
114154518  epg5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
114154560  wdfy3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
114154578  ykt6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
114154736  dapk1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114154740  ctsl; cathepsin L1 isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
114155070  [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114155073  snap29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
114155696  [KO:K21347]
114156008  atg14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
114156085  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114156110  [KO:K16186]
114156567  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
114157029  [KO:K16172]
114157035  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114157072  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
114157111  pdpk1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114157185  rab39b; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
114157257  [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
114157271  pik3c3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
114157312  gabarap; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
114157365  mlst8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
114157548  bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
114157700  [KO:K07187]
114158256  [KO:K17603]
114158275  [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
114158443  eif2s1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
114158518  map3k7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
114158767  vps18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
114158817  stx7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
114159753  [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
114159766  wipi2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
114159781  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
114159817  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
114159983  akt1s1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
114160036  [KO:K07827]
114160039  [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
114160158  [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
114160226  smcr8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
114160610  prkcq; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
114160765  tbk1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
114161046  optn; optineurin [KO:K19946]
114161603  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114161673  [KO:K10802]
114161722  atg16l1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
114161725  [KO:K20868]
114161826  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
114161868  [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
114161912  gabarapl2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
xco04010  MAPK signaling pathway
xco04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
xco04142  Lysosome
xco04150  mTOR signaling pathway
xco04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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