KEGG   PATHWAY: bbub04932
Entry
bbub04932                   Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
bbub04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
bbub04932

Organism
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) [GN:bbub]
Gene
102415101  IL6; interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
102411639  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K05055]
102397559  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
102392112  TNF; tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
102398200  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
102403930  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X2 [KO:K02580]
102397938  RELA; transcription factor P65 [KO:K04735]
102396436  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
102391024  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102416637  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102405314  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X3 [KO:K07187]
102404165  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102400519  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102404610  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102415109  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102404517  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102395384  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102397969  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102398761  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102391021  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X4 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102398502  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102401080  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X2 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102404333  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08524]
102414468  SREBF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [KO:K07197]
102402957  MLX-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
102397302  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein isoform X3 [KO:K09113]
102410814  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X2 [KO:K09113]
102393826  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR isoform X1 [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
102401642  LEP; leptin isoform X1 [KO:K05424]
102402159  LEPR; leptin receptor isoform X2 [KO:K05062]
102406050  ADIPOQ; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
102414398  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 [KO:K07297]
102400105  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
102408354  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adiponectin receptor protein 2-like [KO:K07297]
102404085  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102390878  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
102412137  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
102403101  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
102407334  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X9 [KO:K07200]
102410053  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X5 [KO:K07200]
102409665  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102397149  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X4 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102397694  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102390392  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [KO:K07294]
102403472  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
102392559  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
102399115  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102393434  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102396572  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102403452  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102390921  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform X1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
102404660  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102395129  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102408502  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X2 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102393791  FOS; proto-oncogene C-Fos [KO:K04379]
102405224  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
102413678  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04383]
102396262  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04519]
102398886  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102404909  uncharacterized protein LOC102404909 [KO:K09027]
102408041  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
102410413  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
102416619  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
102404535  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
102412933  CXCL8; interleukin-8 precursor [KO:K10030]
102413660  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X2 [KO:K13375]
102406027  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102411180  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102393344  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
112580290  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
102405069  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
102414387  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X2 [KO:K16341]
102400076  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102408756  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
102412929  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102399521  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
102391189  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112581627  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
102415768  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102397231  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
102392160  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102391135  NDUFV2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123329675  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123465012  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102392551  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
102393322  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102397866  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
102399339  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
102403959  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102400357  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102407400  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
102399223  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
102395667  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102414391  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
102410078  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
102406535  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
123466177  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
102397729  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
102410584  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
102411879  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
102409907  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03955]
102391367  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
102401861  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
102413692  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
102400746  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102411843  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03959]
102399781  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102397930  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
102389346  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
102397986  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
102412674  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03964]
123328312  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03964]
102405027  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
102394658  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
102407654  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
102390304  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial-like [KO:K11351]
102405427  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102398319  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102416108  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102406585  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102413806  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102399442  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102399952  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
102410245  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102404017  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102396466  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102407983  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102416641  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102407691  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102394201  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00236]
102404930  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
56055863  H0I40_mgp01; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
102393946  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00413]
102405660  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
102402708  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
102393356  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
102393147  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
112578088  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
112582984  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
123465923  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00416]
102414919  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
102416106  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
123328075  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
102393778  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K00418]
123465060  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
102392517  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
102389068  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
56055836  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
56055854  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
56055856  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
102403818  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102389794  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263]
102403241  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
102407546  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
102410790  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
102395257  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102395499  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102411768  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
102413847  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
102391576  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
102398794  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
123329348  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
123333121  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
102404294  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102397215  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102393658  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102395196  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102400348  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102407803  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123327865  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123331610  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123332034  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
123332056  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
123334257  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123331570  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102411142  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102395589  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102396784  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102401698  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102406515  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102413395  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102389855  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102401461  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102391265  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102407968  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102391573  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102399788  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102400788  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102404630  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102407133  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102408049  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
112581375  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
123465130  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
123331105  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102398834  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02273]
102406763  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
123333838  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
bbub00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
bbub00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
bbub03320  PPAR signaling pathway
bbub04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
bbub04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
bbub04210  Apoptosis
bbub04668  TNF signaling pathway
bbub04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
bbub04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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