KEGG   PATHWAY: cfa05224
Entry
cfa05224                    Pathway                                
Name
Breast cancer - Canis lupus familiaris (dog)
Description
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. The vast majority of breast cancers are carcinomas that originate from cells lining the milk-forming ducts of the mammary gland. The molecular subtypes of breast cancer, which are based on the presence or absence of hormone receptors (estrogen and progesterone subtypes) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), include: hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative (luminal A subtype), hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive (luminal B subtype), hormone receptor negative and HER2 positive (HER2 positive), and hormone receptor negative and HER2 negative (basal-like or triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs)). Hormone receptor positive breast cancers are largely driven by the estrogen/ER pathway. In HER2 positive breast tumours, HER2 activates the PI3K/AKT and the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathways, and stimulate cell growth, survival and differentiation. In patients suffering from TNBC, the deregulation of various signalling pathways (Notch and Wnt/beta-catenin), EGFR protein have been confirmed. In the case of breast cancer only 8% of all cancers are hereditary, a phenomenon linked to genetic changes in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Somatic mutations in only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA and GATA3) occurred at >10% incidence across all breast cancers.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: specific types
Pathway map
cfa05224  Breast cancer
cfa05224

Organism
Canis lupus familiaris (dog) [GN:cfa]
Gene
403640  ESR1; estrogen receptor [KO:K08550]
403639  ESR2; estrogen receptor beta [KO:K08551]
475684  NCOA1; nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09101] [EC:2.3.1.48]
119865679  NCOA3; nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform X1 [KO:K11256] [EC:2.3.1.48]
490792  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
609429  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
486507  SP1; transcription factor Sp1 isoform X2 [KO:K04684]
449028  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
403924  MYC; myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
403621  PGR; progesterone receptor [KO:K08556]
486560  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
612367  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 isoform X1 [KO:K00408]
609418  TNFSF11; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473]
403883  ERBB2; receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2 precursor [KO:K05083] [EC:2.7.10.1]
607724  FGF1; fibroblast growth factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K18496]
403857  FGF2; fibroblast growth factor 2 isoform X5 [KO:K18497]
611641  FGF18; fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
491974  FGF16; fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
612454  FGF10; fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
486735  FGF6; fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
483680  FGF4; fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358]
611707  FGF3; fibroblast growth factor 3 [KO:K04358]
608459  FGF5; fibroblast growth factor 5 precursor [KO:K04358]
607952  FGF17; fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X2 [KO:K04358]
403915  FGF7; fibroblast growth factor 7 precursor [KO:K04358]
477340  FGF9; fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
612404  FGF22; fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
100855820  FGF20; fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
403868  FGF8; fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
483681  FGF19; fibroblast growth factor 19 isoform X1 [KO:K22603]
484395  FGF21; fibroblast growth factor 21 [KO:K22429]
611773  FGF23; fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428]
100856477  FGFR1; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04362] [EC:2.7.10.1]
610255  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I precursor [KO:K05459]
442951  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
403657  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor precursor [KO:K04357]
404306  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
403811  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit precursor [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
490439  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 [KO:K06279]
611955  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17447]
476352  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
487546  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K17449]
483312  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
490682  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
403735  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
403871  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
403872  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
491857  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
475526  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
484648  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
478347  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
611939  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
477575  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100855877  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
488084  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
489644  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
477085  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
609956  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
487235  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100856339  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
403832  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
442964  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X8 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
449021  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
490878  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
478232  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X5 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
480580  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X3 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
610499  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
485769  JAG1; protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
490882  JAG2; protein jagged-2 isoform X5 [KO:K21635]
484508  DLL3; delta-like protein 3 [KO:K06051]
607575  DLL4; delta-like protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K06051]
100688936  DLL1; delta-like protein 1 [KO:K06051]
480676  NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 [KO:K02599]
483148  NOTCH2; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K20994]
610439  NOTCH3; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 3 [KO:K20995]
481726  NOTCH4; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K20996]
119865321  HES1; transcription factor HES-1 [KO:K06054]
607804  HEYL; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif-like protein [KO:K09091]
403420  HEY1; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 [KO:K09091]
484115  HEY2; hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2 [KO:K09091]
481464  FLT4; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05097] [EC:2.7.10.1]
474890  CDKN1A; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
486858  NFKB2; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04469]
483220  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
612141  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
609107  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
482208  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
484721  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a precursor [KO:K00444]
486756  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
488527  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
481206  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b isoform X4 [KO:K00572]
607180  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
486841  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
100855884  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a isoform X2 [KO:K00714]
482209  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a isoform X1 [KO:K01064]
490919  WNT9B; protein Wnt-9b [KO:K01064]
488528  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
486561  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
485183  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
612328  WNT16; protein Wnt-16 isoform X3 [KO:K01558]
482294  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
488478  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
490937  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
486093  FZD3; frizzled-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02329]
485149  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
487073  FZD8; frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
119863906  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
403610  FZD6; frizzled-6 precursor [KO:K02376]
486232  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
489809  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
477692  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 [KO:K03068]
100306933  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
478650  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
489464  DVL2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 isoform X4 [KO:K02353]
100855811  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02353]
486819  FRAT1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
106557930  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2-like [KO:K03096]
478575  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X13 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
490099  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
490903  AXIN2; axin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04385]
479139  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
485084  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K02085]
477032  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
479331  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X2 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
481506  TCF7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor 7 [KO:K02620]
612070  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04490]
486894  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X22 [KO:K04491]
478507  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
403869  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
484198  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
485069  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
100855728  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04402]
403523  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
481744  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
483626  DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10140]
479180  POLK; DNA polymerase kappa isoform X1 [KO:K03511] [EC:2.7.7.7]
481131  CDK4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
612475  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclin-dependent kinase 4-like [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
609920  CDK6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
476915  RB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinoblastoma-associated protein isoform X5 [KO:K06618]
485839  E2F1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
100855664  E2F2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X1 [KO:K09389]
488239  E2F3; transcription factor E2F3 [KO:K06620]
403437  BRCA1; breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein homolog [KO:K10605] [EC:2.3.2.27]
474180  BRCA2; breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein [KO:K08775]
Compound
C00410  Progesterone
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
  Authors
Zhang MH, Man HT, Zhao XD, Dong N, Ma SL
  Title
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer molecular signatures and therapeutic potentials (Review).
  Journal
Biomed Rep 2:41-52 (2014)
DOI:10.3892/br.2013.187
Reference
  Authors
Dai X, Xiang L, Li T, Bai Z
  Title
Cancer Hallmarks, Biomarkers and Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.
  Journal
J Cancer 7:1281-94 (2016)
DOI:10.7150/jca.13141
Reference
  Authors
Schnitt SJ
  Title
Classification and prognosis of invasive breast cancer: from morphology to molecular taxonomy.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 23 Suppl 2:S60-4 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.33
Reference
  Authors
  Title
Comprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours.
  Journal
Nature 490:61-70 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11412
Reference
  Authors
Eroles P, Bosch A, Perez-Fidalgo JA, Lluch A
  Title
Molecular biology in breast cancer: intrinsic subtypes and signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Treat Rev 38:698-707 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.005
Reference
  Authors
Karamouzis MV, Papavassiliou KA, Adamopoulos C, Papavassiliou AG.
  Title
Targeting androgen/estrogen receptors crosstalk in cancer
  Journal
Trends Cancer 2:35-48 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.trecan.2015.12.001
Reference
  Authors
Sharp A, Harper-Wynne C.
  Title
Treatment of advanced breast cancer (ABC): the expanding landscape of targeted therapies
  Journal
J Cancer Biol Res 2:1036 (2014)
Reference
  Authors
Byler S, Goldgar S, Heerboth S, Leary M, Housman G, Moulton K, Sarkar S
  Title
Genetic and epigenetic aspects of breast cancer progression and therapy.
  Journal
Anticancer Res 34:1071-7 (2014)
Reference
  Authors
Mohamed A, Krajewski K, Cakar B, Ma CX
  Title
Targeted therapy for breast cancer.
  Journal
Am J Pathol 183:1096-112 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.07.005
Reference
  Authors
Ellis MJ, Ding L, Shen D, Luo J, Suman VJ, Wallis JW, Van Tine BA, Hoog J, Goiffon RJ, Goldstein TC, Ng S, Lin L, Crowder R, Snider J, Ballman K, Weber J, Chen K, Koboldt DC, Kandoth C, Schierding WS, McMichael JF, Miller CA, Lu C, Harris CC, McLellan MD, Wendl MC, DeSchryver K, Allred DC, Esserman L, Unzeitig G, Margenthaler J, Babiera GV, Marcom PK, Guenther JM, Leitch M, Hunt K, Olson J, Tao Y, Maher CA, Fulton LL, Fulton RS, Harrison M, Oberkfell B, Du F, Demeter R, Vickery TL, Elhammali A, Piwnica-Worms H, McDonald S, Watson M, Dooling DJ, Ota D, Chang LW, Bose R, Ley TJ, Piwnica-Worms D, Stuart JM, Wilson RK, Mardis ER
  Title
Whole-genome analysis informs breast cancer response to aromatase inhibition.
  Journal
Nature 486:353-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature11143
Reference
  Authors
Ma CX, Reinert T, Chmielewska I, Ellis MJ
  Title
Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 15:261-75 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3920
Reference
  Authors
Butt AJ, McNeil CM, Musgrove EA, Sutherland RL
  Title
Downstream targets of growth factor and oestrogen signalling and endocrine resistance: the potential roles of c-Myc, cyclin D1 and cyclin E.
  Journal
Endocr Relat Cancer 12 Suppl 1:S47-59 (2005)
DOI:10.1677/erc.1.00993
Reference
  Authors
Dasgupta S, Lonard DM, O'Malley BW
  Title
Nuclear receptor coactivators: master regulators of human health and disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 65:279-92 (2014)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-med-051812-145316
Reference
  Authors
Brisken C
  Title
Progesterone signalling in breast cancer: a neglected hormone coming into the limelight.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 13:385-96 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3518
Reference
  Authors
Scarpin KM, Graham JD, Mote PA, Clarke CL
  Title
Progesterone action in human tissues: regulation by progesterone receptor (PR) isoform expression, nuclear positioning and coregulator expression.
  Journal
Nucl Recept Signal 7:e009 (2009)
DOI:10.1621/nrs.07009
Reference
  Authors
Knutson TP, Lange CA
  Title
Tracking progesterone receptor-mediated actions in breast cancer.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 142:114-25 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.11.010
Reference
  Authors
Dittrich A, Gautrey H, Browell D, Tyson-Capper A
  Title
The HER2 Signaling Network in Breast Cancer--Like a Spider in its Web.
  Journal
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 19:253-70 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s10911-014-9329-5
Reference
  Authors
Higgins MJ, Baselga J
  Title
Targeted therapies for breast cancer.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 121:3797-803 (2011)
DOI:10.1172/JCI57152
Reference
  Authors
Mukohara T
  Title
PI3K mutations in breast cancer: prognostic and therapeutic implications.
  Journal
Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 7:111-23 (2015)
DOI:10.2147/BCTT.S60696
Reference
  Authors
Schneider BP, Winer EP, Foulkes WD, Garber J, Perou CM, Richardson A, Sledge GW, Carey LA
  Title
Triple-negative breast cancer: risk factors to potential targets.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 14:8010-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-1208
Reference
  Authors
King TD, Suto MJ, Li Y
  Title
The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway: a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer.
  Journal
J Cell Biochem 113:13-8 (2012)
DOI:10.1002/jcb.23350
Reference
  Authors
Brown AM
  Title
Wnt signaling in breast cancer: have we come full circle?
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 3:351-5 (2001)
DOI:10.1186/bcr321
Reference
  Authors
Geyer FC, Lacroix-Triki M, Savage K, Arnedos M, Lambros MB, MacKay A, Natrajan R, Reis-Filho JS
  Title
beta-Catenin pathway activation in breast cancer is associated with triple-negative phenotype but not with CTNNB1 mutation.
  Journal
Mod Pathol 24:209-31 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/modpathol.2010.205
Reference
  Authors
Al-Hussaini H, Subramanyam D, Reedijk M, Sridhar SS
  Title
Notch signaling pathway as a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
  Journal
Mol Cancer Ther 10:9-15 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0677
Reference
  Authors
Rangel MC, Bertolette D, Castro NP, Klauzinska M, Cuttitta F, Salomon DS
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways regulating mammary stem cells and contributing to the etiology of triple-negative breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res Treat 156:211-26 (2016)
DOI:10.1007/s10549-016-3746-7
Reference
  Authors
Jamdade VS, Sethi N, Mundhe NA, Kumar P, Lahkar M, Sinha N
  Title
Therapeutic targets of triple-negative breast cancer: a review.
  Journal
Br J Pharmacol 172:4228-37 (2015)
DOI:10.1111/bph.13211
Reference
  Authors
Karamboulas C, Ailles L
  Title
Developmental signaling pathways in cancer stem cells of solid tumors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1830:2481-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.008
Reference
  Authors
Ignatiadis M, Sotiriou C
  Title
Luminal breast cancer: from biology to treatment.
  Journal
Nat Rev Clin Oncol 10:494-506 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.124
Reference
  Authors
Shin SJ, Gong G, Lee HJ, Kang J, Bae YK, Lee A, Cho EY, Lee JS, Suh KS, Lee DW, Jung WH
  Title
Positive expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor is associated with a positive hormone receptor status and a favorable prognosis in breast cancer.
  Journal
J Breast Cancer 17:113-20 (2014)
DOI:10.4048/jbc.2014.17.2.113
Reference
  Authors
Gasco M, Shami S, Crook T
  Title
The p53 pathway in breast cancer.
  Journal
Breast Cancer Res 4:70-6 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/bcr426
Reference
  Authors
Narod SA, Foulkes WD
  Title
BRCA1 and BRCA2: 1994 and beyond.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 4:665-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1431
Related
pathway
cfa03440  Homologous recombination
cfa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
cfa04110  Cell cycle
cfa04115  p53 signaling pathway
cfa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
cfa04310  Wnt signaling pathway
cfa04330  Notch signaling pathway
cfa04915  Estrogen signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko05224   
LinkDB

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