KEGG   PATHWAY: rtem04140
Entry
rtem04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Rana temporaria (common frog)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
rtem04140  Autophagy - animal
rtem04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Rana temporaria (common frog) [GN:rtem]
Gene
120909148  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120909277  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120913014  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
120913043  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
120913088  [KO:K16185]
120913135  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
120913182  [KO:K07897]
120913251  [KO:K07901]
120913289  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120913535  [KO:K17603]
120913719  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120913724  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
120913728  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120913733  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
120913753  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
120913813  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120914013  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
120914914  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120915165  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
120915241  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
120915650  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120915689  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120915737  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
120915815  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120916053  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
120916072  [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120916501  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07830]
120916512  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
120916518  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120916588  [KO:K07827]
120917068  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120917130  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
120917131  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
120917286  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
120917294  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120917295  [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120917335  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
120917364  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
120917582  [KO:K10435]
120917599  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
120917830  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
120917945  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
120918411  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
120918695  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
120918697  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
120918848  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
120918944  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
120919005  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
120919135  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
120919188  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
120919260  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
120919295  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120919454  [KO:K20402]
120920216  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
120920339  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120920375  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120920462  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
120920528  [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120920550  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
120920774  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
120920824  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
120920962  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
120921009  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
120921192  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
120923203  [KO:K02649]
120923787  [KO:K07830]
120924480  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120924683  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120926316  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
120926366  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
120926380  EPG5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
120926387  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 [KO:K06528]
120926740  ULK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120926760  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120926762  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
120926898  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
120927024  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
120927356  [KO:K07925]
120927400  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
120927539  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120927740  [KO:K08770]
120927743  [KO:K08770]
120927834  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120928785  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 [KO:K20868]
120928855  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120928928  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
120929135  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
120929187  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
120929448  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
120929598  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
120930473  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
120931107  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120931158  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120931432  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120931433  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120931434  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120931533  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120931563  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120931633  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120931706  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
120932004  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120932432  [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
120932534  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
120932753  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120933028  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
120933059  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
120933227  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120933561  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120933665  [KO:K16172]
120933732  [KO:K02927]
120933785  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
120935046  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
120935435  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
120935602  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120935746  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120936184  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120936191  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
120936271  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
120936496  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120936525  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
120936566  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120936639  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
120936771  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120936894  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
120937113  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
120937120  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120937170  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
120937769  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
120938017  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
120938541  [KO:K02927]
120939549  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120939670  [KO:K08516]
120940107  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
120940118  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
120940215  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
120940281  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120940380  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
120940464  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
120940635  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
120940988  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
120941500  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
120941754  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
120942021  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120942037  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120942053  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120943229  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
120943277  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
120943286  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
120943312  ERN2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120943428  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120943670  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
120943675  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
120943728  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
120944023  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
120944075  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
120944210  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
120944255  [KO:K07831]
120944793  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
120944895  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
120945095  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
120945149  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
120945281  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
120945285  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120945346  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
120945724  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
120945982  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120946074  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
120946101  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
120946729  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
120947034  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
120947050  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
120947094  PTEN; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
120947193  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
rtem04010  MAPK signaling pathway
rtem04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
rtem04142  Lysosome
rtem04150  mTOR signaling pathway
rtem04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system