KEGG   PATHWAY: ssc05012
Entry
ssc05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Sus scrofa (pig)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
ssc05012  Parkinson disease
ssc05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Sus scrofa (pig) [GN:ssc]
Gene
100037985  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
100037988  ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
100037989  COX6C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
100037990  COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02272]
100037991  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100037992  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 precursor [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100038000  COX7A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
100038022  COX6B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
100038031  COX8H; COX8H protein [KO:K02273]
100048954  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
100049657  GNAS; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 [KO:K04632]
100049698  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform 1 [KO:K04558]
100125968  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
100127131  [KO:K07374]
100134963  ATP5E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
100134983  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
100135051  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
100136900  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
100144302  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100144419  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
100144421  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
100144487  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
100151951  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
100152232  COX6A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIa polypeptide 1 [KO:K02266]
100152468  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X2 [KO:K14720]
100152497  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100152612  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
100153098  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
100153507  TUBB2B; tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
100153794  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
100153828  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
100153923  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100154056  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
100154130  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
100154148  PSMC6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
100154268  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100154408  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100154435  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
100154443  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
100154817  ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
100154950  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
100155015  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
100155138  [KO:K07374]
100155139  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100155274  PSMC1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
100155472  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100155542  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
100155600  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 precursor [KO:K14713]
100155621  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
100155687  UQCR10; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
100155970  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100156075  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100156288  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
100156312  SEPT5; septin-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04557]
100156327  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
100156790  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100156879  [KO:K00414]
100156896  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X1 [KO:K14710]
100156967  [KO:K02264]
100157156  ATP5B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
100157157  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
100157442  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
100157621  UQCRB; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase binding protein [KO:K00417]
100157880  ATP5A1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
100157935  [KO:K02273]
100158003  [KO:K07374]
100158076  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054]
100158080  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
100158119  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
100158185  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
100170131  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
100217386  XBP1; X-box-binding protein 1 isoform XBP1(U) [KO:K09027]
100240743  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
100312976  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
100510930  [KO:K07374]
100510948  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100510978  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100512253  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
100512266  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 [KO:K14719]
100512354  MFN2; mitofusin-2 isoform X2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100512454  PSMC3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
100512624  ATP5H; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
100512631  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
100512831  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
100513030  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100513283  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
100513348  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100513629  ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
100513739  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100513895  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
100514033  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
100514637  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100514655  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
100514753  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100514865  PSMC2; 26S protease regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
100515069  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
100515483  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
100515536  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
100515613  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100515818  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
100516161  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
100516166  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100516343  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X4 [KO:K05638]
100516352  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
100516402  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100516480  [KO:K02271]
100516606  [KO:K02270]
100516779  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100517196  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
100517279  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
100517408  [KO:K02271]
100517634  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
100517815  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
100518016  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
100518214  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
100518253  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
100518564  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
100518913  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
100519295  [KO:K08738]
100519528  CALML4; calmodulin-like 4 [KO:K02183]
100519870  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
100519871  [KO:K02128]
100519957  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
100520115  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
100520312  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03947]
100520950  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
100521346  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
100521478  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954]
100521540  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X2 [KO:K10407]
100521736  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100521945  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100522469  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
100522678  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
100522725  [KO:K02273]
100522775  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K11351]
100522783  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100522828  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100522842  [KO:K08738]
100522926  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
100523220  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
100523278  PSMD11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
100523423  ATP5D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
100523610  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100523621  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X7 [KO:K10407]
100523751  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
100523814  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X2 [KO:K14718]
100524239  [KO:K00420]
100524308  [KO:K00418]
100524394  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
100524613  [KO:K00415]
100524622  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
100524676  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
100524695  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
100524813  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
100524873  [KO:K00416]
100525083  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03959]
100525255  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
100525371  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
100525439  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
100525869  [KO:K00413]
100579141  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
100620420  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100620809  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
100621347  [KO:K08738]
100621425  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
100621969  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100622102  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
100622110  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
100622245  ATP5J; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
100622444  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100622769  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100623355  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
100623583  TUBB6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
100623628  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100623661  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
100623873  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
100624067  [KO:K02263]
100624139  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100624335  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
100624738  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
100624785  [KO:K07375]
100624857  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
100625755  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
100626014  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X7 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100626250  [KO:K02266]
100626274  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
100626738  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
100627568  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
100627612  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100736584  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
100736677  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04633]
100737726  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
100738118  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
100738351  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
100739619  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
102157770  [KO:K06691]
102157773  [KO:K02268]
102158866  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
102160861  ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
110257100  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
110257420  [KO:K02263]
110257483  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
110257910  [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
110259705  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
110260986  PSMC4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
110261055  [KO:K02267]
396609  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
396610  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
396633  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
396637  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
396838  CALM3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
396888  RYR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
396966  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
397010  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
397036  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
397043  PSMC5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
397058  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
397244  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
397276  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
397394  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
397418  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
397454  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
397523  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
397536  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
397581  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
397651  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
397652  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
397659  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
397674  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
399685  COX7A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02270]
403155  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
407060  HSPA5; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein isoform X2 [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
414412  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
414424  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
414909  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
448979  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
492822  COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02265]
497063  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
497064  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
497065  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
503661  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
574054  ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
595132  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
641350  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
733583  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
733594  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
733595  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
733605  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
733673  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
733678  ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02137]
733686  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
768104  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
780403  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
780404  PARK7; protein DJ-1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
780433  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
808501  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808502  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808503  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
808504  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
808505  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
808506  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
808507  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
808508  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808509  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808510  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808511  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808512  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
808513  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
  Journal
Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
  Journal
J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02423.x
Reference
PMID:26487845
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
  Journal
Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
DOI:10.4103/1673-5374.162750
Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.13731
Reference
PMID:27581196
  Authors
Cieri D, Brini M, Cali T
  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.153
Reference
PMID:27829983
  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
  Journal
Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
DOI:10.1155/2016/3472032
Reference
PMID:21674642
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Biofactors 37:228-40 (2011)
DOI:10.1002/biof.159
Reference
PMID:24522549
  Authors
Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
  Title
Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s12017-014-8294-x
Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
  Title
The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
DOI:10.1177/1073858415574600
Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
  Journal
Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2012.07.008
Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.08.007
Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.12.007
Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
DOI:10.3233/JPD-160989
Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2017.08.005
Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
  Journal
Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
DOI:10.1007/978-981-10-6583-5_8
Reference
PMID:31054074
  Authors
Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
DOI:10.1007/s10863-019-09798-4
Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
  Journal
Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
DOI:10.1007/s11064-018-2673-x
Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
DOI:10.1007/s00702-019-01997-y
Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
  Journal
Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0090-6
Related
pathway
ssc00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
ssc00350  Tyrosine metabolism
ssc03050  Proteasome
ssc04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ssc04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
ssc04137  Mitophagy - animal
ssc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ssc04210  Apoptosis
ssc04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

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