KEGG   PATHWAY: tge05012
Entry
tge05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Theropithecus gelada (gelada)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
tge05012  Parkinson disease
tge05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Theropithecus gelada (gelada) [GN:tge]
Gene
112604612  [KO:K02265]
112605118  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112605208  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
112605337  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
112605395  [KO:K03967]
112605581  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
112605628  [KO:K08738]
112605685  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
112605686  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
112606037  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K03039]
112606071  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112606112  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112606135  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 isoform X1 [KO:K03968]
112606260  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112606353  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
112606424  [KO:K02263]
112606471  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
112606509  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112606566  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
112606704  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112606721  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112606821  [KO:K02273]
112606827  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112607625  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112607675  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112607798  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
112608181  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03952]
112608183  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112608233  [KO:K02272]
112608386  TXN; thioredoxin isoform X1 [KO:K03671]
112608567  [KO:K03949]
112608599  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
112608628  [KO:K08738]
112608652  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112608689  [KO:K03955]
112608867  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
112608892  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
112608913  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03033]
112608933  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112609082  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
112609113  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112609174  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112609240  [KO:K03938]
112609254  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
112609644  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
112609658  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K03035]
112609716  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02138]
112609822  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112609920  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112609943  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
112610199  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
112610948  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
112611053  [KO:K03029]
112611255  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
112611258  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112611264  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112611291  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
112611294  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02132]
112611402  [KO:K05863]
112611491  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112611550  [KO:K00236]
112611588  [KO:K08738]
112611874  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112612007  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
112612092  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
112612362  [KO:K00420]
112612378  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K11353]
112612386  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
112612423  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112612516  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
112612521  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
112612552  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112612681  [KO:K02267]
112612747  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
112612771  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
112612934  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236]
112613085  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
112613132  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B isoform X1 [KO:K03063]
112613278  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112613292  [KO:K02270]
112613437  [KO:K02128]
112613445  [KO:K02267]
112613466  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
112613538  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112613563  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
112613606  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
112613728  [KO:K02263]
112613766  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09488]
112613904  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
112614015  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112614032  [KO:K00415]
112614039  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
112614171  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
112614382  [KO:K02266]
112614550  [KO:K08738]
112614586  [KO:K02271]
112615382  [KO:K14709]
112615397  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
112615425  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
112615444  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112615542  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
112615686  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112615791  [KO:K02272]
112615795  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112615814  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K11351]
112615961  [KO:K02271]
112616093  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
112616117  [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112616365  [KO:K02128]
112616918  [KO:K07374]
112617157  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
112617323  [KO:K14709]
112617351  [KO:K07374]
112617381  [KO:K14709]
112617422  [KO:K00414]
112617677  [KO:K02263]
112617681  [KO:K03031]
112617799  [KO:K07374]
112618238  PSMD6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
112618277  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
112618317  [KO:K02138]
112618470  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
112618524  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112618713  [KO:K08738]
112618864  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
112618989  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
112619023  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
112619118  MFN1; mitofusin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
112619172  [KO:K03962]
112619417  [KO:K02927]
112619502  [KO:K07375]
112619637  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
112619749  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
112620064  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112620074  [KO:K02977]
112620355  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03958]
112620372  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02131]
112620387  [KO:K08738]
112620573  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02137]
112620674  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112620714  [KO:K02927]
112620726  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
112620789  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
112620834  [KO:K00236]
112620903  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
112621045  [KO:K02132]
112621130  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] isoform X1 [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
112621241  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
112621244  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 isoform X1 [KO:K10881]
112621297  [KO:K08738]
112621399  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
112621481  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
112621751  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112622110  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
112622235  [KO:K07375]
112622256  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112622263  [KO:K00418]
112622300  [KO:K07375]
112622397  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112622444  [KO:K07375]
112622580  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112622724  [KO:K03671]
112622743  [KO:K03938]
112622774  [KO:K08738]
112622796  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 isoform X1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112622815  [KO:K02270]
112622816  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
112623008  [KO:K08738]
112623229  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
112623422  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112623472  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112623492  [KO:K07375]
112623494  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112623531  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
112623895  [KO:K02272]
112624362  [KO:K02268]
112624412  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112624447  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 isoform X1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
112624472  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
112624632  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112624771  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
112624782  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
112624811  [KO:K02927]
112624880  [KO:K07375]
112624978  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
112625015  [KO:K02271]
112625066  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112625090  SNCA; alpha-synuclein isoform X1 [KO:K04528]
112625326  [KO:K00416]
112625421  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 isoform X1 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112625466  [KO:K08738]
112625752  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
112625819  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112625820  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
112625847  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
112625873  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
112625992  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
112626308  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112626309  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
112626344  [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
112626418  [KO:K02272]
112626503  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
112626570  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
112626574  SDHA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
112626740  [KO:K02272]
112626761  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
112626808  [KO:K08738]
112626856  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
112626949  [KO:K00418]
112627411  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
112627466  [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112627533  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 isoform X1 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112627661  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
112627665  [KO:K02272]
112627705  [KO:K02264]
112627855  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112627976  [KO:K00416]
112628272  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03062]
112628289  [KO:K02266]
112628302  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
112628317  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 isoform X1 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112628330  [KO:K03949]
112628394  [KO:K02264]
112628486  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112628492  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112628520  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
112628533  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
112628633  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
112628680  [KO:K02273]
112628743  [KO:K03959]
112628956  NDUFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
112629021  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112629180  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
112629288  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
112629318  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112629468  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112629896  [KO:K02268]
112629914  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
112629957  [KO:K00417]
112630032  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
112630223  [KO:K03949]
112630291  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
112630428  [KO:K02272]
112630558  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
112630571  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X1 [KO:K14710]
112630615  [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
112630716  [KO:K00413]
112630968  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
112631163  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040]
112631173  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
112631191  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
112631216  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
112631244  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112631360  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
112631384  [KO:K02183]
112631459  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X1 [KO:K14718]
112631529  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
112631589  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
112631631  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112631713  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
112631867  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
112632579  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
112632582  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
112632627  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
112632629  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
112632630  [KO:K04632]
112632657  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
112632659  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
112632664  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04374]
112632711  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
112632740  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
112632789  [KO:K07374]
112632856  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
112632914  SEPT5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
112633468  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
112633489  [KO:K07375]
112633559  [KO:K00419]
112633739  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
112634041  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452]
112634060  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
112634121  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
112634151  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
112634215  [KO:K08738]
112634245  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112634249  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
112634410  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352]
112634425  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
112634489  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112634499  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
112634518  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
112634543  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
112634798  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03948]
112635225  [KO:K02272]
112635292  [KO:K07374]
112635525  [KO:K02266]
112635964  [KO:K02263]
112635993  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
112636032  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
112636085  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
112636173  TUBA3E; tubulin alpha-3E chain [KO:K07374]
112636294  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
112636339  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
112636373  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
112636452  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
112636618  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
112636696  [KO:K03948]
112636699  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112636729  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
112636748  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
112636897  CALM2; calmodulin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
112636926  [KO:K02270]
112637005  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
14216782  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14216783  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
14216784  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
14216785  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
14216786  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
14216787  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
14216788  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14216789  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14216790  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14216791  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14216792  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14216793  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
14216794  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
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Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
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Reference
PMID:26501339
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Reference
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
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Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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PMID:23352769
  Authors
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An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
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  Authors
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ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
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Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
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  Authors
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The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Reference
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Related
pathway
tge00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
tge00350  Tyrosine metabolism
tge03050  Proteasome
tge04020  Calcium signaling pathway
tge04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
tge04137  Mitophagy - animal
tge04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
tge04210  Apoptosis
tge04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system