KEGG   PATHWAY: tge04210
Entry
tge04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Theropithecus gelada (gelada)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
tge04210  Apoptosis
tge04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Theropithecus gelada (gelada) [GN:tge]
Gene
112605118  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112605166  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 [KO:K16341]
112605321  BIRC8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 8 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
112605584  PIDD1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
112605622  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
112605628  [KO:K08738]
112605750  CTSC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
112605791  BIRC2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]
112605792  BIRC3; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 [KO:K16060]
112605794  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
112605952  [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112605993  CTSD; cathepsin D isoform X1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
112606473  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158]
112606480  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112606524  CTSW; cathepsin W [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
112606728  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
112606897  CTSF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
112607006  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
112607359  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
112607606  ENDOG; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
112607654  CTSL; cathepsin L1 isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112607659  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112607992  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01375] [EC:3.4.22.43]
112608018  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
112608030  TRAF1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03172]
112608146  DAB2IP; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
112608435  SPTAN1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
112608614  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
112608628  [KO:K08738]
112608708  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
112609113  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
112609148  SEPT4; septin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
112609286  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112609651  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05692]
112609983  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112610199  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
112610215  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08731]
112610758  PARP4; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
112611273  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
112611351  [KO:K05692]
112611529  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
112611588  [KO:K08738]
112611835  BBC3; bcl-2-binding component 3 [KO:K10132]
112612001  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112612150  LMNB2; lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
112612288  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112612394  MAP2K2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112612483  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
112613606  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
112613729  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K24070]
112613772  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02539]
112614214  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112614422  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
112614462  LMNA; lamin isoform X1 [KO:K12641]
112614465  NOL3; nucleolar protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K28177]
112614522  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112614550  [KO:K08738]
112615333  AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
112616381  IL3RA; interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K04737]
112616513  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
112616539  XIAP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
112616847  [KO:K07210]
112616918  [KO:K07374]
112617351  [KO:K07374]
112617717  [KO:K05692]
112617799  [KO:K07374]
112618017  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112618018  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
112618470  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
112618713  [KO:K08738]
112618874  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112618898  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04721]
112619114  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
112619294  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112619416  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X1 [KO:K07828]
112619625  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
112619721  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112619750  PARP3; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
112620351  CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
112620366  CTSS; cathepsin S isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
112620387  [KO:K08738]
112620420  CASP2; caspase-2 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
112621297  [KO:K08738]
112622229  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112622556  DFFA; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02310]
112622580  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112622774  [KO:K08738]
112622816  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
112622824  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X1 [KO:K14021]
112622917  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
112623008  [KO:K08738]
112623229  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
112623422  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
112624574  CASP6; caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
112624632  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112624752  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
112624757  PTPN13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
112625027  CTSO; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
112625066  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
112625466  [KO:K08738]
112625914  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
112626308  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112626632  IL3; interleukin-3 [KO:K04736]
112626758  LMNB1; lamin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
112626808  [KO:K08738]
112627624  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
112627736  CTSH; pro-cathepsin H isoform X1 [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
112627802  BCL2A1; bcl-2-related protein A1 isoform X1 [KO:K02162]
112628560  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
112628601  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
112628633  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
112628753  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
112628776  PARP2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K28005]
112629021  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
112629473  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
112629685  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
112629970  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112630107  TNFRSF10A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A [KO:K04722]
112630735  TNFRSF10B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
112631415  PRF1; perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
112631442  [KO:K08731]
112631569  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
112631631  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112631713  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
112631724  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
112632013  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
112632359  CTSZ; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
112632621  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
112632664  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04374]
112632789  [KO:K07374]
112632792  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
112632856  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
112633076  CSF2RB; cytokine receptor common subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
112634041  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452]
112634042  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
112634060  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
112634105  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
112634215  [KO:K08738]
112634325  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05692]
112634518  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
112634792  DIABLO; diablo homolog, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K10522]
112635096  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
112635292  [KO:K07374]
112635309  HRK; activator of apoptosis harakiri [KO:K02512]
112635974  DFFB; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
112636173  TUBA3E; tubulin alpha-3E chain [KO:K07374]
112636264  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
112636361  CASP10; caspase-10 isoform X1 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
112636729  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
112636918  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
112637005  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Reference
PMID:36652128
  Authors
Liu K, Lan D, Li C, Liu S, Dai X, Song T, Wang X, Kong Q, He Z, Tan J, Zhang J
  Title
A double-edged sword: role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  Journal
Apoptosis 28:313-325 (2023)
DOI:10.1007/s10495-022-01802-4
Related
pathway
tge04010  MAPK signaling pathway
tge04020  Calcium signaling pathway
tge04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
tge04115  p53 signaling pathway
tge04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
tge04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
tge04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
tge04668  TNF signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04210   

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