KEGG   PATHWAY: afor04081
Entry
afor04081                   Pathway                                
Name
Hormone signaling - Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguin)
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signaling molecules and interaction
Pathway map
afor04081  Hormone signaling
afor04081

Organism
Aptenodytes forsteri (emperor penguin) [GN:afor]
Gene
103893254  CCKAR; cholecystokinin receptor type A [KO:K04194]
103893369  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103893394  BMPR1A; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A [KO:K04673] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103893467  NPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 [KO:K12323] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103893542  [KO:K04247]
103893546  LHCGR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04248]
103893548  TSHB; thyrotropin subunit beta [KO:K05251]
103893687  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
103893796  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04135]
103893802  GNRH1; progonadoliberin-1 [KO:K05252]
103893871  ACVR1; activin receptor type-1 [KO:K04675] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103894035  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103894059  ESR2; estrogen receptor beta [KO:K08551]
103894134  SLC16A2; monocarboxylate transporter 8 [KO:K08231]
103894205  BMPR1B; bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B [KO:K13578] [EC:2.7.11.30]
103894408  DRD5; D(1B) dopamine receptor [KO:K05840]
103894433  SMAD4; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04501]
103894488  OPRL1; nociceptin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04216]
103894564  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103894601  RAMP3; receptor activity-modifying protein 3 [KO:K08449]
103894609  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain isoform X2 [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
103894636  MC3R; melanocortin receptor 3 [KO:K04201]
103894712  GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536]
103894802  JAK2; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 isoform X1 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103894879  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
103894937  RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 [KO:K08014]
103894940  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04145]
103895037  GHR; growth hormone receptor [KO:K05080]
103895197  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
103895232  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
103895348  GCG; glucagon [KO:K05259]
103895406  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103895487  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
103895631  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K07187]
103895827  SRC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103896156  [KO:K04589]
103896157  VIPR1; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1 [KO:K04589]
103896193  [KO:K04579]
103896195  GHRHR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor [KO:K04584]
103896302  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
103896345  OPRD1; delta-type opioid receptor [KO:K04213]
103896544  [KO:K04314]
103896696  GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539]
103896844  GNAO1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04534]
103896863  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103896900  CRH; corticoliberin [KO:K05256]
103897069  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
103897198  MLNR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: motilin receptor [KO:K05266]
103897456  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103897733  ADRA2A; alpha-2A adrenergic receptor [KO:K04138]
103897762  PRLHR; prolactin-releasing peptide receptor [KO:K04314]
103897839  [KO:K05840]
103897906  ADRB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
103898290  [KO:K04583]
103898333  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 [KO:K04351]
103898424  VIPR2; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2 [KO:K04590]
103898441  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103898452  LEPR; leptin receptor [KO:K05062]
103898455  GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347]
103898645  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 [KO:K07297]
103898678  SLCO1C1; solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1C1 isoform X1 [KO:K08747]
103898680  [KO:K08747]
103898682  IAPP; islet amyloid polypeptide [KO:K08039]
103898799  [KO:K04280]
103898846  MC4R; melanocortin receptor 4 [KO:K04202]
103898991  GCGR; glucagon receptor [KO:K04583]
103899251  [KO:K04320]
103899293  HCRTR2; orexin receptor type 2 [KO:K04239]
103899302  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
103899319  [KO:K04543]
103899327  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
103899343  [KO:K04635]
103899741  SMAD1; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 [KO:K04676]
103899900  [KO:K04280]
103899926  [KO:K04280]
103900098  SSTR1; somatostatin receptor type 1 [KO:K04217]
103900139  DIO2; type II iodothyronine deiodinase isoform X1 [KO:K17904] [EC:1.21.99.4]
103900141  TSHR; thyrotropin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04249]
103900344  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103900362  PTH1R; parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor [KO:K04585]
103900435  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
103900691  ESR1; estrogen receptor [KO:K08550]
103900694  VIP; VIP peptides [KO:K05264]
103900697  OPRM1; mu-type opioid receptor [KO:K04215]
103900894  [KO:K04320]
103900971  AGT; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
103900991  GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541]
103901075  ADIPOR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
103901116  CGA; glycoprotein hormones alpha chain [KO:K08522]
103901133  TRHR; thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor [KO:K04282]
103901152  CCKBR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor [KO:K04195]
103901327  HEPHL1; hephaestin-like protein 1 [KO:K14735] [EC:1.16.3.1]
103901353  [KO:K04282]
103901439  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
103901465  SST; somatostatin [KO:K05237]
103901613  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103901642  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103901814  PDYN; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proenkephalin-B [KO:K15840]
103901821  STAT3; signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
103901889  RAMP2; receptor activity-modifying protein 2 [KO:K08448]
103902216  ITGAV; integrin alpha-V [KO:K06487]
103902234  HCRT; orexin [KO:K05246]
103902253  [KO:K11224]
103902404  POMC; pro-opiomelanocortin [KO:K05228]
103902407  ADCY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103902408  PNOC; prepronociceptin [KO:K25696]
103902427  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
103902443  SSTR2; somatostatin receptor type 2 [KO:K04218]
103902613  OXTR; oxytocin receptor [KO:K04229]
103902618  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103902622  DRD4; D(4) dopamine receptor [KO:K04147]
103902631  [KO:K04314]
103902662  GLP1R; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor [KO:K04581]
103902746  TRH; thyrotropin releasing hormone [KO:K05253]
103902914  INSR; insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
103902960  MC2R; adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04200]
103902961  MC5R; melanocortin receptor 5 [KO:K04203]
103903128  ADIPOQ; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
103903287  APPL1; DCC-interacting protein 13-alpha [KO:K08733]
103903303  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
103903427  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103903627  AMH; muellerian-inhibiting factor [KO:K04665]
103903816  PRL; prolactin [KO:K05439]
103903848  RAMP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: receptor activity-modifying protein 1 [KO:K08447]
103903881  PRLR; prolactin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K05081]
103903887  NPR3; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 3 [KO:K12325]
103903928  NPR2; atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103903946  [KO:K04634]
103903947  [KO:K04636]
103904001  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103904077  ADRA2C; alpha-2C adrenergic receptor [KO:K04140]
103904152  [KO:K04630]
103904299  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
103904309  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04142]
103904321  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
103904423  SMAD5; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 [KO:K16790]
103904515  [KO:K04140]
103904749  [KO:K12324] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103904816  CALCR; calcitonin receptor [KO:K04576]
103904857  GPER1; G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 [KO:K04246]
103904872  GNA12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
103904925  GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547]
103904956  [KO:K04546]
103905025  SSTR5; somatostatin receptor type 5 [KO:K04221]
103905134  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
103905245  [KO:K04228]
103905453  GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825]
103905595  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
103905645  DIO1; type I iodothyronine deiodinase [KO:K01562] [EC:1.21.99.4]
103905689  MPL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: thrombopoietin receptor [KO:K05082]
103905828  AGTR2; type-2 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04167]
103905972  GIP; gastric inhibitory polypeptide [KO:K05258]
103905973  GNGT2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549]
103906046  [KO:K05438]
103906049  [KO:K04589]
103906056  CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 [KO:K04578]
103906058  ITGB3; integrin beta-3 [KO:K06493]
103906106  [KO:K04585]
103906148  HEPH; hephaestin [KO:K14735] [EC:1.16.3.1]
103906174  GHSR; growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04284]
103906182  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103906186  GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538]
103906265  THPO; thrombopoietin [KO:K06854]
103906464  PMCH; pro-MCH [KO:K05229]
103906465  IGF1; insulin-like growth factor I [KO:K05459]
103906541  SSTR4; somatostatin receptor type 4 [KO:K04220]
103906564  PTHLH; parathyroid hormone-related protein [KO:K22608]
103906655  THRB; thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K08362]
103906714  IGF2; insulin-like growth factor II [KO:K13769]
103906715  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
103906747  CALCB; calcitonin gene-related peptide 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12332]
103906785  PTH; parathyroid hormone [KO:K05261]
103906803  FSHB; follitropin subunit beta [KO:K05250]
103907057  [KO:K25556]
103907093  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 [KO:K08187]
103907215  OPRK1; kappa-type opioid receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04214]
103907226  PENK; proenkephalin-A [KO:K18832]
103907439  NPPC; C-type natriuretic peptide [KO:K12336]
103907442  NPPA; natriuretic peptides A [KO:K12334]
103907467  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
103907478  DRD3; D(3) dopamine receptor [KO:K04146]
103907635  GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07826]
103907728  SSTR3; somatostatin receptor type 3 [KO:K04219]
103907898  GUCY2C; heat-stable enterotoxin receptor [KO:K12320] [EC:4.6.1.2]
103907934  SMAD9; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 isoform X1 [KO:K16791]
103907938  PRLH; prolactin-releasing peptide [KO:K05269]
103907946  CCK; cholecystokinin [KO:K05226]
103908110  UCN3; urocortin-3 [KO:K05257]
103908267  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
103908337  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
103908368  [KO:K05242]
103908369  OXT; oxytocin-neurophysin 1 [KO:K05243]
103908575  SLC40A1; solute carrier family 40 member 1 [KO:K14685]
109279277  MLN; promotilin [KO:K05265]
109279282  [KO:K05840]
109279283  MC1R; melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor [KO:K04199]
109279399  ADRB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
109279637  MCHR2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 [KO:K05054]
Compound
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C01829  Thyroxine
C02017  Corticotropin
C02210  beta-Endorphin
C02465  Triiodothyronine
C02758  alpha-Melanotropin
C03758  Dopamine
C14818  Fe2+
C14819  Fe3+
C16000  Urodilatin
C16048  Glucagon-like peptide 1
C16125  Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1
C16126  Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2
C16136  beta-Melanotropin
C16137  gamma-Melanotropin
Reference
  Authors
Trubacova R, Drastichova Z, Novotny J
  Title
Biochemical and physiological insights into TRH receptor-mediated signaling.
  Journal
Front Cell Dev Biol 10:981452 (2022)
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2022.981452
Reference
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Velez EJ, Unniappan S
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A Comparative Update on the Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth Hormone in Vertebrates.
  Journal
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 11:614981 (2020)
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2020.614981
Reference
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Kumar U
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Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptors in Tumour Biology.
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Int J Mol Sci 25:ijms25010436 (2023)
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Reference
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The role of mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular receptor kinase pathway in female fertility outcomes: a focus on pituitary gonadotropins  regulation.
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Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 9:209-215 (2018)
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Reference
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Deussing JM, Chen A
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The Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Family: Physiology of the Stress Response.
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Physiol Rev 98:2225-2286 (2018)
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Reference
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Li Y, Yuan Q, He X, Zhang Y, You C, Wu C, Li J, Xu HE, Zhao LH
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Molecular mechanism of prolactin-releasing peptide recognition and signaling via its G protein-coupled receptor.
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Cell Discov 10:91 (2024)
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Reference
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Wang C, Wang Q, Ji B, Pan Y, Xu C, Cheng B, Bai B, Chen J
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The Orexin/Receptor System: Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Potential for Neurological Diseases.
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Front Mol Neurosci 11:220 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00220
Reference
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Bencze J, Pocsai K, Murnyak B, Gergely PA, Juhasz B, Szilvassy Z, Hortobagyi T
  Title
The Melanin-concentrating Hormone System in Human, Rodent and Avian Brain.
  Journal
Open Med (Wars) 13:264-269 (2018)
DOI:10.1515/med-2018-0040
Reference
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Lin YT, Hsu KS
  Title
Oxytocin receptor signaling in the hippocampus: Role in regulating neuronal excitability, network oscillatory activity, synaptic plasticity and social  memory.
  Journal
Prog Neurobiol 171:1-14 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.10.003
Reference
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Perisic M, Woolcock K, Hering A, Mendel H, Muttenthaler M
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Oxytocin and vasopressin signaling in health and disease.
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Trends Biochem Sci 49:361-377 (2024)
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Reference
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Molecular basis of opioid receptor signaling.
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Cell 186:5203-5219 (2023)
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Reference
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Jing L, Zhang Q
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Intrathyroidal feedforward and feedback network regulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:992883 (2022)
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2022.992883
Reference
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Hu B, Li H, Zhang X
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A Balanced Act: The Effects of GH-GHR-IGF1 Axis on Mitochondrial Function.
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Front Cell Dev Biol 9:630248 (2021)
DOI:10.3389/fcell.2021.630248
Reference
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Mapping the follicle-stimulating hormone-induced signaling networks.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2:45 (2011)
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Mechanistic insight into how gonadotropin hormone receptor complexes direct signalingdagger.
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Biol Reprod 102:773-783 (2020)
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Reference
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Wu CS, Cioanca AV, Gelmi MC, Wen L, Di Girolamo N, Zhu L, Natoli R, Conway RM, Petsoglou C, Jager MJ, McCluskey PJ, Madigan MC
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The multifunctional human ocular melanocortin system.
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Prog Retin Eye Res 95:101187 (2023)
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Reference
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Standing D, Dandawate P, Anant S
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Prolactin receptor signaling: A novel target for cancer treatment - Exploring anti-PRLR signaling strategies.
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Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 13:1112987 (2022)
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Reference
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New insights into thyroid hormone action.
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Pharmacol Ther 173:135-145 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.012
Reference
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Building the case for the calcitonin receptor as a viable target for the treatment of glioblastoma.
  Journal
Ther Adv Med Oncol 12:1758835920978110 (2020)
DOI:10.1177/1758835920978110
Reference
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  Title
Physical Activity-Dependent Regulation of Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium-Phosphorous Metabolism.
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Int J Mol Sci 21:ijms21155388 (2020)
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Reference
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  Title
Emerging concepts of receptor endocytosis and concurrent intracellular signaling: Mechanisms of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A activation and  trafficking.
  Journal
Cell Signal 60:17-30 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.022
Reference
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  Title
alpha(1)-Adrenergic Receptors in Neurotransmission, Synaptic Plasticity, and Cognition.
  Journal
Front Pharmacol 11:581098 (2020)
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Reference
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  Title
Immunomodulatory Effects of Dopamine in Inflammatory Diseases.
  Journal
Front Immunol 12:663102 (2021)
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Reference
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  Title
The AT(1)/AT(2) Receptor Equilibrium Is a Cornerstone of the Regulation of the Renin Angiotensin System beyond the Cardiovascular System.
  Journal
Molecules 28:molecules28145481 (2023)
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Reference
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Regulators of Iron Homeostasis: New Players in Metabolism, Cell Death, and Disease.
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Trends Biochem Sci 41:274-86 (2016)
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Reference
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IGF-1 Stimulates Glycolytic ATP Production in MCF-7L Cells.
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Int J Mol Sci 24:ijms241210209 (2023)
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Related
pathway
afor04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04081   

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