KEGG   PATHWAY: ecb04620
Entry
ecb04620                    Pathway                                
Name
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Equus caballus (horse)
Description
Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.
Class
Organismal Systems; Immune system
Pathway map
ecb04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ecb04620

Organism
Equus caballus (horse) [GN:ecb]
Gene
100009693  TLR9; toll-like receptor 9 precursor [KO:K10161]
100009701  TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]
100009703  TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05401]
100033834  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
100033925  CCL5; C-C motif chemokine 5 precursor [KO:K12499]
100034040  LY96; lymphocyte antigen 96 precursor [KO:K05400]
100034049  CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 precursor [KO:K03160]
100034196  IL6; interleukin-6 precursor [KO:K05405]
100034215  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
100034222  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta precursor [KO:K05425]
100034237  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100037400  CXCL8; interleukin-8 precursor [KO:K10030]
100049577  TLR1; toll-like receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05398]
100050167  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100050227  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
100050993  CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 precursor [KO:K12671]
100051383  TOLLIP; toll-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K05402]
100051589  IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
100051623  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100051632  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
100051650  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100051753  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100051798  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100052122  [KO:K02649]
100052296  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100052414  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
100052489  IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
100052513  STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]
100052545  IFNB1; interferon beta precursor [KO:K05415]
100052608  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100052658  [KO:K05415]
100052818  IFN-ALPHA2; interferon alpha-2 precursor [KO:K05414]
100052921  [KO:K05414]
100053022  IFNA1; interferon alpha-1 precursor [KO:K05414]
100053029  SPP1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]
100053056  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100053110  [KO:K05414]
100053210  [KO:K05414]
100053481  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100053940  MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
100054008  JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 isoform X1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100054367  TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 precursor [KO:K10170]
100054848  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100054961  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100054991  CTSK; cathepsin K isoform X2 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
100055087  IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 isoform X6 [KO:K09447]
100055110  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174]
100055384  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X4 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100055868  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05411]
100056239  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100056278  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100057483  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
100057701  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100057859  CCL4; C-C motif chemokine 4 [KO:K12964]
100057909  CCL3; C-C motif chemokine 3 precursor [KO:K05408]
100057927  CXCL9; C-X-C motif chemokine 9 precursor [KO:K05416]
100057961  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100058000  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
100058015  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100058141  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100058432  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
100059262  IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100060433  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04404]
100060767  CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X5 [KO:K05413]
100061130  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100061732  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]
100061802  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
100062414  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
100063190  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100063402  IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
100063532  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100063602  MAP3K8; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04415] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100064468  [KO:K05414]
100064503  TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403]
100064551  [KO:K05414]
100064554  TLR6; toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K10169]
100064612  [KO:K05414]
100064671  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100064731  IFND1; interferon delta 1 precursor [KO:K05414]
100064975  IFND2; interferon-delta 2 precursor [KO:K05414]
100065841  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X2 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100065996  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100066173  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100066502  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
100066890  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]
100067469  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
100067894  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X4 [KO:K02580]
100069633  STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]
100070103  LBP; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [KO:K05399]
100070140  [KO:K05399]
100070300  TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04403]
100070393  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100071012  CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412]
100071786  IRF5; interferon regulatory factor 5 [KO:K09446]
100073094  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100146182  TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100146348  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100147174  [KO:K05415]
100147230  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100529854  TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]
100629807  CXCL11; C-X-C motif chemokine 11 precursor [KO:K12672]
100629885  [KO:K05414]
100629951  [KO:K05414]
100630219  CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 precursor [KO:K04391]
106782258  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111767791  [KO:K04391]
111768185  [KO:K04519]
111771347  TLR5; toll-like receptor 5 [KO:K10168]
111771935  [KO:K10160]
111772122  [KO:K04391]
791248  TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
Reference
PMID:17275323
  Authors
Kawai T, Akira S.
  Title
TLR signaling.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 19:24-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.004
Reference
PMID:17457343
  Authors
O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.
  Title
The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 7:353-64 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2079
Reference
PMID:16932750
  Authors
Honda K, Taniguchi T.
  Title
IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 6:644-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1900
Reference
PMID:17395581
  Authors
Uematsu S, Akira S.
  Title
Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:15319-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R700009200
Reference
PMID:16497588
  Authors
Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.
  Title
Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.
  Journal
Cell 124:783-801 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015
Reference
PMID:14698224
  Authors
Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.
  Title
TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 40:861-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.006
Reference
PMID:12734364
  Authors
Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.
  Title
The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.
  Journal
J Immunol 170:5165-75 (2003)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5165
Reference
PMID:14751764
  Authors
Aderem A, Smith KD.
  Title
A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.
  Journal
Semin Immunol 16:55-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.002
Reference
PMID:17637696
  Authors
Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.
  Title
Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.
  Journal
Immunol Cell Biol 85:420-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.icb.7100098
Reference
PMID:17507094
  Authors
Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.
  Title
Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 44:3715-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.002
Reference
PMID:11101877
  Authors
Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.
  Title
Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 1:533-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/82797
Reference
PMID:16924467
  Authors
Uematsu S, Akira S.
  Title
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.
  Journal
J Mol Med 84:712-25 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-006-0084-y
Related
pathway
ecb04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ecb04060  Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
ecb04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
ecb04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
ecb04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
ecb04210  Apoptosis
ecb04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
ecb04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04620   

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