KEGG   PATHWAY: ecb04210
Entry
ecb04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Equus caballus (horse)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
ecb04210  Apoptosis
ecb04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Equus caballus (horse) [GN:ecb]
Gene
100064377  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
100057812  TNFRSF10B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
102149226  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A [KO:K04722]
102150834  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
100052326  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
100071639  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
100061802  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
100033834  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
100059548  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
100065824  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171]
100068181  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
100066502  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
100068201  CASP10; caspase-10 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
100072861  CASP6; caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
100034083  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100068258  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
100054988  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
100054674  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
100061755  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
100058709  DIABLO; diablo homolog, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K10522]
100146840  uncharacterized protein C17orf47 isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
100053688  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
100053958  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
111768755  cytochrome c, testis-specific [KO:K08738]
100052552  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
100054331  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
100072744  PRF1; perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
100033978  GZMB; granzyme B precursor [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100049805  granzyme B [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100050711  granzyme H isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100052229  granzyme B-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100052901  granzyme B(G,H)-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100052689  granzyme B [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100053327  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100052951  granzyme B [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100055651  granzyme B(G,H)-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
111768988  granzyme B-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
111767413  granzyme B-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
111768996  granzyme B(G,H)-like isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100053001  granzyme H-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100052638  granzyme B isoform X1 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
111771745  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
111768663  granzyme-like protein 2 [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
100059285  tubulin alpha-1D chain [KO:K07374]
100051840  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
100051901  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
100052388  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100054576  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
100065732  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100059249  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
100146855  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
100059091  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
100072403  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
100054765  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539]
100050139  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
100033878  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
100066945  SPTAN1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
100057663  LMNA; lamin [KO:K12641]
100073057  LMNB1; lamin-B1 [KO:K07611]
100060413  LMNB2; lamin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
100058523  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
100072572  PARP2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
100053202  PARP4; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
100060729  PARP3; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
100057041  DFFA; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02310]
100060427  DFFB; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
100146415  ENDOG; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
100054546  AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
100064339  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100068006  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100052808  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
100064557  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
100053019  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
100051106  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
100055184  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
100069290  caspase-12 isoform X1 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100066488  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100052709  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100070334  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
100053417  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
100060963  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100060401  CTSC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
100629639  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100058569  CTSF; cathepsin F isoform X1 [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
100059835  CTSH; pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
111775633  pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
111775628  pro-cathepsin H-like [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
100054991  CTSK; cathepsin K isoform X2 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
100061234  cathepsin L1 isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100061532  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100069500  CTSO; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
100054948  CTSS; cathepsin S [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
100051806  CTSW; cathepsin W [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100056600  CTSZ; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
100061273  BIRC2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 [KO:K16060]
100068894  BIRC3; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 [KO:K16060]
100060870  XIAP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP isoform X1 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100050808  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
100064312  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X6 [KO:K16341]
100053597  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
100050934  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
100146901  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
100058015  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100071680  DAB2IP; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X8 [KO:K19901]
100073186  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100052608  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100057961  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100051798  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100055447  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
100067469  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
100051632  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
100062044  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
100629981  HRK; activator of apoptosis harakiri [KO:K02512]
100050140  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100070393  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100050167  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100058432  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
100058000  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
100067894  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X4 [KO:K02580]
100057483  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
100052664  PTPN13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
100054996  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
100059768  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta [KO:K04402]
100630299  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
100067681  TRAF1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 isoform X2 [KO:K03172]
100049938  BCL2A1; bcl-2-related protein A1 [KO:K02162]
100061765  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100147310  PIDD1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
100146714  BBC3; bcl-2-binding component 3 [KO:K10132]
100629496  PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131]
100050611  CASP2; caspase-2 isoform X2 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
100065669  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
100064594  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
106781070  granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04737]
100054613  CSF2RB; cytokine receptor common subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
100069576  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytokine receptor common subunit beta [KO:K04738]
100051623  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100058141  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100051753  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100052122  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100050227  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649]
100146348  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100630736  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100064671  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100054961  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100061130  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100055481  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100064473  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100051785  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
100059469  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100051110  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100065996  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100063190  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100057701  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100066173  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Related
pathway
ecb04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ecb04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ecb04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
ecb04115  p53 signaling pathway
ecb04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ecb04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
ecb04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
ecb04668  TNF signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04210   
LinkDB

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