Entry
Name
Sphingolipid signaling pathway - Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse)
Description
Sphingomyelin (SM) and its metabolic products are now known to have second messenger functions in a variety of cellular signaling pathways. Particularly, the sphingolipid metabolites, ceramide (Cer) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have emerged as a new class of potent bioactive molecules. Ceramide can be generated de novo or by hydrolysis of membrane sphingomyelin by sphingomyelinase (SMase). Ceramide is subsequently metabolized by ceramidase to generate sphingosine (Sph) which in turn produces S1P through phosphorylation by sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SphK1, 2). Both ceramide and S1P regulate cellular responses to stress, with generally opposing effects. S1P functions as a growth and survival factor, acting as a ligand for a family of G protein-coupled receptors, whereas ceramide activates intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways through receptor-independent mechanisms.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Organism
Equus przewalskii (Przewalski's horse) [GN:
epz ]
Gene
103563860 NSMAF; neutral sphingomyelinase activation associated factor [KO:K18953 ]
103564670 PPP2R1A; protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Aalpha [KO:K03456 ]
103555607 PPP2R1B; protein phosphatase 2 scaffold subunit Abeta [KO:K03456 ]
103546964 PPP2R2B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bbeta [KO:K04354 ]
103548628 PPP2R2D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta [KO:K04354 ]
103559125 PPP2R2A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Balpha [KO:K04354 ]
103561815 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B gamma isoform [KO:K04354 ]
103546408 PPP2R3C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''gamma [KO:K11583 ]
103554814 PPP2R3A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''alpha [KO:K11583 ]
103544947 PPP2R3B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B''beta [KO:K11583 ]
103552437 PPP2R5E; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'epsilon [KO:K11584 ]
103554315 PPP2R5A; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'alpha [KO:K11584 ]
103548163 PPP2R5D; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'delta [KO:K11584 ]
103559135 PPP2R5B; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'beta [KO:K11584 ]
103556448 PPP2R5C; protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B'gamma [KO:K11584 ]
103554497 high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma-like [KO:K07983 ]
103548220 PIK3R1; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K02649 ]
103551868 PIK3R3; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K02649 ]
103561550 PIK3R2; phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K02649 ]
103552141 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04630 ]
103554332 SGPP1; sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 [KO:K04716 ] [EC:3.1.3.-]
103547286 SGPP2; sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 2 [KO:K04717 ] [EC:3.1.3.-]
103564464 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) [KO:K07860 ]
103551104 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3) [KO:K07861 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
Authors
Hannun YA, Obeid LM
Title
Principles of bioactive lipid signalling: lessons from sphingolipids.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taha TA, Mullen TD, Obeid LM
Title
A house divided: ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate in programmed cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liu J, Beckman BS, Foroozesh M
Title
A review of ceramide analogs as potential anticancer agents.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kono M, Allende ML, Proia RL
Title
Sphingosine-1-phosphate regulation of mammalian development.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Olivera A
Title
Unraveling the complexities of sphingosine-1-phosphate function: the mast cell model.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brunkhorst R, Vutukuri R, Pfeilschifter W
Title
Fingolimod for the treatment of neurological diseases-state of play and future perspectives.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rosen H, Goetzl EJ
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate and its receptors: an autocrine and paracrine network.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pyne S, Pyne NJ
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate signalling in mammalian cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Egom EE, Mohamed TM, Mamas MA, Shi Y, Liu W, Chirico D, Stringer SE, Ke Y, Shaheen M, Wang T, Chacko S, Wang X, Solaro RJ, Fath-Ordoubadi F, Cartwright EJ, Lei M
Title
Activation of Pak1/Akt/eNOS signaling following sphingosine-1-phosphate release as part of a mechanism protecting cardiomyocytes against ischemic cell injury.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jin ZQ, Goetzl EJ, Karliner JS
Title
Sphingosine kinase activation mediates ischemic preconditioning in murine heart.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Melendez AJ
Title
Sphingosine kinase signalling in immune cells: potential as novel therapeutic targets.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Halova I, Draberova L, Draber P
Title
Mast cell chemotaxis - chemoattractants and signaling pathways.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kraft S, Kinet JP
Title
New developments in FcepsilonRI regulation, function and inhibition.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gilfillan AM, Tkaczyk C.
Title
Integrated signalling pathways for mast-cell activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osawa Y, Banno Y, Nagaki M, Brenner DA, Naiki T, Nozawa Y, Nakashima S, Moriwaki H
Title
TNF-alpha-induced sphingosine 1-phosphate inhibits apoptosis through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway in human hepatocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Montfort A, Martin PG, Levade T, Benoist H, Segui B
Title
FAN (factor associated with neutral sphingomyelinase activation), a moonlighting protein in TNF-R1 signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chatterjee S
Title
Neutral sphingomyelinase: past, present and future.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
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