KEGG   PATHWAY: hhv05012
Entry
hhv05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Hyaena hyaena (striped hyena)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
hhv05012  Parkinson disease
hhv05012

Organism
Hyaena hyaena (striped hyena) [GN:hhv]
Gene
120223942  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
120220192  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
120234858  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
120234860  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
120229898  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
120229291  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
120244506  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
120245414  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
120237362  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
120241649  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120245321  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
120236750  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
120219875  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
120229361  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
120229369  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
120245021  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
120242943  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
120243162  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
120226056  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
120221591  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
120240784  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02977]
120240826  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
120247899  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
120225503  polyubiquitin [KO:K04551]
120228705  ubiquitin [KO:K04551]
120236092  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
120224235  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120238832  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120236482  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120240291  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120242547  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120231887  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120248682  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 isoform X1 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120246882  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
120240611  SNCA; alpha-synuclein isoform X1 [KO:K04528]
120236741  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
120238838  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04557]
120225219  synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
120239594  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit alpha type-6-like [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120248608  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120224156  proteasome subunit alpha type-2-like [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120235593  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120248115  proteasome subunit alpha type-2-like [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120220105  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120220822  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120234988  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120244524  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120223772  proteasome subunit alpha type-1-like [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120244992  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120221345  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120226693  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120236315  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120229149  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120244900  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120240503  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120226024  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120241295  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
120236351  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
120232093  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
120219760  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03062]
120221742  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03062]
120236583  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03062]
120248557  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4-like [KO:K03062]
120243615  PSMC4; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
120237268  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064]
120228452  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
120234188  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
120238111  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
120233353  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
120229077  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
120228877  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
120234192  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
120249015  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12-like [KO:K03035]
120245843  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
120236954  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
120225099  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
120223420  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
120241304  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
120246116  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X1 [KO:K03030]
120220629  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
120234954  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
120240916  SEM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
120232264  ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1-like [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
120228550  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
120232098  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
120237182  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
120237195  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
120241014  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
120221982  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
120241987  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
120242524  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
120233726  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120238899  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120222252  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120236563  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
120244270  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
120241877  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
120237135  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
120237482  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
120238181  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
120228585  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
120236301  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
120241057  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
120248009  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
120234198  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120227864  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
120245547  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120237420  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
120235229  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
120226898  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
120245055  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
120245059  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
120235641  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
120234024  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
120235149  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
120237890  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
120221509  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 [KO:K14709]
120240487  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 [KO:K14709]
120242303  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
120246559  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X1 [KO:K14710]
120219911  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
120236241  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
120238153  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
120223986  SLC39A8; metal cation symporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
120237418  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
120242975  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
120230271  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X1 [KO:K14717]
120240981  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
120228486  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
120239469  SLC39A14; metal cation symporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
14842168  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14842156  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14842162  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14842164  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14842163  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14842165  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
14842166  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120233944  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120221592  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120240692  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
120238465  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
120228004  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
120222145  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
120245638  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
120245620  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
120231292  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03947]
120224879  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
120219761  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
120240629  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
120236742  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
120244386  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
120233484  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
120244845  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
120233435  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
120247737  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
120229517  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
120233275  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
120223308  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
120234682  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
120241397  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12-like [KO:K11352]
120229332  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K11353]
120232078  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
120232946  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03958]
120225145  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
120220679  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03959]
120242909  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
120221486  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03961]
120246685  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
120241750  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
120245261  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
120243184  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964]
120231769  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
120241508  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
120219870  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
120220816  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120241398  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120228405  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120248047  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
120239902  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
120235623  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
120242359  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120233938  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
120243116  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
120229574  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
120235617  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
120229786  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
120241373  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
120229885  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
120227495  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
14842167  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
120246568  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
120229346  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
120233254  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
120247058  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
120246122  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
120223327  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
120227835  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
120242364  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
14842161  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
14842157  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
14842158  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
120228268  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
120235443  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
120221692  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02264]
120235715  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
120232002  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02265]
120238467  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
120235655  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
120243461  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
120239753  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
120220913  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
120234592  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
120243500  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
120234467  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
120221558  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
120240920  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
120231522  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
120224488  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
120234430  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
120220950  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
120224592  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
120236424  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
120249178  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
120229678  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
120219943  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
120219789  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
120242389  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
120234847  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
120241345  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
14842160  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
120223478  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
120238005  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
120243895  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
120228996  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
120247271  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
120228146  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
120230109  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
120246335  ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
120235124  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
14842159  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
120229775  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120233756  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
120225364  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120237033  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
120236465  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
120238512  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
120233718  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
120234907  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040]
120234009  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
120240573  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
120222124  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
120246386  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
120248075  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
120237319  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
120224242  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
120232774  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
120233433  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
120221184  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
120221556  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
120230330  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
120231297  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
120236951  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
120247050  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
120225026  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
120229837  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
120246375  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
120233637  PARK7; Parkinson disease protein 7 isoform X1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
120235381  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
120243716  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
120246681  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
120226656  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
120240008  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
120242748  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain [KO:K10396]
120248003  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
120243542  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
120240204  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
120231184  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
120247769  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
120237180  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
120237885  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
120237886  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
120243772  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
120238803  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
120238829  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
120227184  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
120227526  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
120227529  tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
120228924  tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
120223012  tubulin alpha-1B chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
120220197  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
120229069  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
120234871  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
120241436  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
120222655  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
120222766  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
120223296  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
120231386  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
120234102  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
120222608  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
120243808  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
120241195  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
120236670  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
120238210  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
120239371  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5-like [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120222015  mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120244180  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120232781  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120245677  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120229702  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
120244455  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
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Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
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Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Olanow CW, McNaught KS
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Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
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Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
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Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:20495568
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Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
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Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
PMID:24781149
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
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Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:19230774
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Bezprozvanny I
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:28468938
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Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28838811
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Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
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Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
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An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
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ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:26297973
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Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
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Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:24548101
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Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
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  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
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Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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Segura-Aguilar J
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A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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PMID:25761946
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The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
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Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Reference
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  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
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Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
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Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
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Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
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The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
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Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
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Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
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Oh SE, Mouradian MM
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Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
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Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
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Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
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Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
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Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
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Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
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Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
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Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
hhv00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
hhv00350  Tyrosine metabolism
hhv03050  Proteasome
hhv04020  Calcium signaling pathway
hhv04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
hhv04137  Mitophagy - animal
hhv04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
hhv04210  Apoptosis
hhv04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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