KEGG   PATHWAY: mlf04140
Entry
mlf04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
mlf04140  Autophagy - animal
mlf04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) [GN:mlf]
Gene
102430737  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
102430595  IGF1R; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102442509  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102429074  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
102418401  IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
102422649  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102441064  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102433534  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102427890  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102441522  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K02649]
102429230  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102426106  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102419324  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta-like [KO:K02649]
102431196  PDPK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102443221  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102439923  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102428304  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X1 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102431999  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
102430744  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
102430727  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
102423374  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
102426387  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X2 [KO:K07830]
102434453  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102417411  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102423748  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102417755  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102422236  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102436791  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08268]
102428383  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
102422720  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
102440346  TSC1; hamartin [KO:K07206]
102430657  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
102422024  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: GTP-binding protein Rheb-like [KO:K07208]
102441557  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
102430610  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
102419155  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
102434974  MTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102424796  AKT1S1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
102424858  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
102429245  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102433676  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102420072  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K17606]
102432188  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102430803  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102440434  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102429007  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X4 [KO:K08331]
102429721  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
102420949  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
102442626  ATG2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
102423913  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
102433550  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K17908]
102435534  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X6 [KO:K17908]
102423159  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22991]
102420919  WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
102432341  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
102429136  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X4 [KO:K17907]
102436396  ATG9B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
102434462  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X14 [KO:K21245]
102428239  transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
102441169  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
102429841  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
102431512  CUNH9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K23609]
102437221  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
102430338  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
102417337  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
102424113  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102426758  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
102425494  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
102438834  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
102423406  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X3 [KO:K16185]
102442083  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
102425558  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
102421316  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102440094  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102438720  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102437773  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102417960  PRKACA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102431901  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102430582  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102437455  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102418507  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102432611  BCL2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
102443091  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102437980  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
102422056  beclin-2-like [KO:K08334]
102417876  beclin-2-like [KO:K08334]
102440396  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K08334]
102418662  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
102421937  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102439076  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
102429937  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
102431271  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K17985]
102436804  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102429800  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
102432319  VMP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
102430340  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
102433214  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X2 [KO:K21249]
102426190  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
102435535  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
102421841  CAMKK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102429407  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102419407  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102434407  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102422068  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102420311  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102420405  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
102433431  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102442153  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102428709  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102434629  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102419424  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102423847  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102435146  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17603]
102432246  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
102428926  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
102436926  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X7 [KO:K17890]
102436581  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 [KO:K20868]
102438157  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X2 [KO:K08337]
102442809  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
102418429  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
102432648  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
102438769  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
102420485  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
102425850  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102430514  gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
102428870  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08341]
102418213  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
102428694  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
102432237  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
102420594  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102420601  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X7 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102433946  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102438510  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102435236  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
102416839  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
102433083  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
102441199  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
102435388  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
102430695  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
106694782  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
106694783  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
111824049  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
106695461  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
106695868  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
106694388  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
106696261  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like [KO:K02927]
106698680  ubiquitin-like [KO:K02927]
102435561  UBA52; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102434245  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
102420450  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
111828258  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
102442670  polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
102441105  polyubiquitin-B-like [KO:K04551]
102432472  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
102432137  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
102429372  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
102437064  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
102426559  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X1 [KO:K08488]
102436628  EPG5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
102433119  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
102421045  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20179]
102431602  VPS16; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
102438116  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20181]
102431431  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X2 [KO:K20182]
102421179  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X4 [KO:K20183]
102433114  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
102418471  BIRC6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102433725  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K26797]
102423512  GORASP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
102429812  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
102425992  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X1 [KO:K07898]
102441461  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
102429447  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
102429543  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102440001  cathepsin L1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102426649  cathepsin L1-like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102423523  CTSB; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
mlf04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mlf04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mlf04142  Lysosome
mlf04150  mTOR signaling pathway
mlf04152  AMPK signaling pathway
mlf04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
LinkDB

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