KEGG   PATHWAY: ssc04140
Entry
ssc04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Sus scrofa (pig)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
ssc04140  Autophagy - animal
ssc04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Sus scrofa (pig) [GN:ssc]
Gene
100037961  CTSB; cathepsin B precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100049694  BIRC6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100049702  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
100049703  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
100125828  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100125968  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
100126861  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100127158  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100127359  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100127478  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100135663  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100141400  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100145903  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100151990  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100152247  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21247]
100153196  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
100153321  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
100153351  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
100153714  [KO:K19330]
100153821  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100153927  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100154214  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
100154502  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
100154598  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K06528]
100154726  TSC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: hamartin [KO:K07206]
100154733  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
100154908  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
100154960  GORASP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100155182  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
100155308  [KO:K07830]
100155472  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100155578  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100155666  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
100156264  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100156366  TANK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
100156654  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
100156732  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100157063  STX17; syntaxin-17 isoform X1 [KO:K08491]
100157190  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
100157292  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100157312  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100157480  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X2 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100157658  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
100157738  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X3 [KO:K21246]
100192445  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100233191  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100316852  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
100322893  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
100462716  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
100462717  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
100462720  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
100462744  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
100462745  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
100462746  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform 1 [KO:K17890]
100462747  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100462748  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100462749  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 [KO:K08337]
100462751  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
100462752  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
100462754  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
100462757  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
100462758  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
100462759  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
100462760  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
100505408  TSC2; tuberin isoform X2 [KO:K07207]
100510978  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100511006  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100511290  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
100511396  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
100511937  [KO:K02649]
100512153  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100512213  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100512673  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
100512677  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X7 [KO:K07204]
100512686  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100512852  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
100513254  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X4 [KO:K20183]
100513348  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100513798  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
100513811  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100513964  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
100514637  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100515791  C10H9orf72; protein C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
100515824  [KO:K17445]
100515919  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100516050  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
100516103  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100516128  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
100516165  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
100516293  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100516558  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
100516775  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100517049  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
100517493  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100518131  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100518251  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
100518639  EPG5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog [KO:K23883]
100518718  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
100518933  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K26797]
100519233  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
100519700  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K17985]
100519715  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K16184]
100520548  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X1 [KO:K23610]
100521065  BAD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
100521736  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100521968  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
100522720  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X4 [KO:K16185]
100523089  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
100523387  WDFY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
100523462  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
100525505  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100525780  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100620224  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
100620246  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
100620365  SMCR8; Smith-Magenis syndrome chromosomal region candidate gene 8 protein [KO:K23611]
100621160  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100621326  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100621398  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
100621789  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100622559  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100622674  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
100622699  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100622795  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a isoform X1 [KO:K07897]
100622955  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X2 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100623628  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100623707  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
100624415  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100624868  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
100625110  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X4 [KO:K17987]
100626608  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
100627693  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
100737448  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100738908  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
100739102  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
100739349  NRAS; GTPase NRas precursor [KO:K07828]
100739486  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
100739510  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
110255858  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
110259208  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
110259297  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
110260663  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
396609  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X4 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
396610  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
396629  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
396696  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
396926  CTSV; cathepsin L1 precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
396966  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
397011  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
397136  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
397350  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
397415  INS; insulin precursor [KO:K04526]
397418  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
397454  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
397504  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
397536  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
397652  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
397656  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
414381  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
445013  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
445521  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
494565  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 precursor [KO:K06528]
494568  CTSD; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
503700  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
595116  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
733576  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
ssc04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ssc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
ssc04142  Lysosome biogenesis
ssc04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ssc04152  AMPK signaling pathway
ssc04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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