KEGG   PATHWAY: rno04934
Entry
rno04934                    Pathway                                
Name
Cushing syndrome - Rattus norvegicus (rat)
Description
Cushing syndrome (CS) is a rare disorder resulting from prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids via exogenous and endogenous sources. The typical clinical features of CS are related to hypercortisolism and include accumulation of central fat, moon facies, neuromuscular weakness, osteoporosis or bone fractures, metabolic complications, and mood changes. Traditionally, endogenous CS is classified as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-dependent (about 80%) or ACTH- independent (about 20%). Among ACTH-dependent forms, pituitary corticotroph adenoma (Cushing's disease) is most common. Most pituitary tumors are sporadic, resulting from monoclonal expansion of a single mutated cell. Recently recurrent activating somatic driver mutations in the ubiquitin-specific protease 8 gene (USP8) were identified in almost half of corticotroph adenoma. Germline mutations in MEN1 (encoding menin), AIP (encoding aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein), PRKAR1A (encoding cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I alpha regulatory subunit) and CDKN1B (encoding cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; also known as p27 Kip1) have been identified in familial forms of pituitary adenomas. However, the frequency of familial pituitary adenomas is less than 5% in patients with pituitary adenomas. Among ACTH-independent CS, adrenal adenoma is most common. Rare adrenal causes of CS include primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) or primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD).
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
rno04934  Cushing syndrome
rno04934

Organism
Rattus norvegicus (rat) [GN:rno]
Gene
81648  Crh; corticoliberin precursor [KO:K05256]
58959  Crhr1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform 1 precursor [KO:K04578]
64680  Crhr2; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 precursor [KO:K04579]
24896  Gnas; SCG6 (secretogranin VI) isoform SCG6 precursor [KO:K04632]
305509  Adcy1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
81636  Adcy2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
64508  Adcy3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
54223  Adcy4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
64532  Adcy5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
25289  Adcy6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform 2 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
84420  Adcy7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
29241  Adcy8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
302950  Adcy9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
25636  Prkaca; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
293508  Prkacb; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
81646  Creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform A [KO:K05870]
81647  Atf2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450]
79255  Atf4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
310616  Creb3l4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform 1 [KO:K09048]
362165  Creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
362339  Creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
314638  Creb3l3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
500131  Creb5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 [KO:K09047]
406169  Atf6b; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049]
29417  Men1; menin [KO:K14970]
290829  Ash2l; set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 [KO:K14964]
304794  Rbbp5; retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 [KO:K14961]
303907  Wdr5b; WD repeat-containing protein 5B [KO:K14963]
362093  Wdr5; WD repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K14963]
315606  Kmt2a; histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 1 [KO:K09186] [EC:2.1.1.354]
100362634  Kmt2d; lysine methyltransferase 2D [KO:K09187] [EC:2.1.1.354]
54238  Cdkn2c; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor C [KO:K06622]
25164  Cdkn2b; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B [KO:K04685]
25163  Cdkn2a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A [KO:K06621]
94201  Cdk4; cyclin-dependent kinase 4 isoform 1 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
114483  Cdk6; cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
58919  Ccnd1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
24708  Rb1; retinoblastoma-associated protein [KO:K06618]
399489  E2f1; transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
684111  E2f2; transcription factor E2F2 isoform X2 [KO:K09389]
64455  Rasd1; dexamethasone-induced Ras-related protein 1 [KO:K07843]
25686  Gnai1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
25643  Gnai3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
81664  Gnai2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
25690  Ahr; aryl hydrocarbon receptor isoform 2 [KO:K09093]
282827  Aip; AH receptor-interacting protein [KO:K17767]
59110  Aipl1; aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting protein-like 1 [KO:K17767]
25242  Arnt; aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator isoform 1 [KO:K09097]
83571  Cdkn1b; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B [KO:K06624]
362817  Cdk2; cyclin-dependent kinase 2 [KO:K02206] [EC:2.7.11.22]
362485  Ccne2; G1/S-specific cyclin-E2 [KO:K06626]
25729  Ccne1; G1/S-specific cyclin-E1 [KO:K06626]
114851  Cdkn1a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 [KO:K06625]
24239  Cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
29716  Cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]
114493  Cacna1f; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
682930  Cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
25400  Camk2a; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
24246  Camk2d; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
24245  Camk2b; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform 2 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
171140  Camk2g; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
295347  Rap1a; ras-related protein Rap-1A [KO:K04353]
171337  Rap1b; ras-related protein Rap-1b precursor [KO:K07836]
114486  Braf; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X2 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
170851  Map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
58960  Map2k2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
116590  Mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
50689  Mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
79240  Nr4a1; nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 [KO:K04465]
24329  Egfr; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform 2 precursor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
296121  Usp8; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 8 [KO:K11839] [EC:3.4.19.12]
24664  Pomc; pro-opiomelanocortin precursor [KO:K05228]
282839  Mc2r; adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor [KO:K04200]
288271  Mrap; melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein [KO:K22398]
309962  Pde8b; high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8B [KO:K18437] [EC:3.1.4.53]
308776  Pde8a; high affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A [KO:K18437] [EC:3.1.4.53]
140928  Pde11a; dual 3',5'-cyclic-AMP and -GMP phosphodiesterase 11A isoform 4 [KO:K13298] [EC:3.1.4.17 3.1.4.35]
83826  Nr5a1; steroidogenic factor 1 [KO:K08560]
24790  Sp1; transcription factor Sp1 [KO:K04684]
304947  Pbx1; pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1 isoform b [KO:K09355]
353498  Cyp11b3; cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily b, polypeptide 3 [KO:K00497] [EC:1.14.15.4]
500892  Cyp11b1; cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00497] [EC:1.14.15.4]
24294  Cyp11b2; cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial [KO:K00497] [EC:1.14.15.4]
120093683  Cyp11b2l1; cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial [KO:K00497] [EC:1.14.15.4]
25146  Cyp17a1; steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase precursor [KO:K00512] [EC:1.14.14.19 1.14.14.32]
25557  Star; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K16931]
294930  Nceh1; neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 [KO:K14349] [EC:3.1.1.-]
361653  Armc5; armadillo repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K22499]
24179  Agt; angiotensinogen precursor [KO:K09821]
24180  Agtr1a; type-1 angiotensin II receptor A [KO:K04166]
81638  Agtr1b; type-1 angiotensin II receptor B [KO:K04166]
81666  Gnaq; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
81662  Gna11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635]
24654  Plcb1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
29322  Plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
85240  Plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
25031  Plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
25262  Itpr1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform 3 [KO:K04958]
81678  Itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
25679  Itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
170899  Kcnk2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform 2 [KO:K04913]
29717  Cacna1g; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform 1 [KO:K04854]
114862  Cacna1h; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855]
56827  Cacna1i; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856]
304496  Orai1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056]
25469  Kcna4; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 4 [KO:K04877]
29553  Kcnk3; potassium channel subfamily K member 3 [KO:K04914]
300438  Ldlr; low-density lipoprotein receptor precursor [KO:K12473]
25073  Scarb1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 [KO:K13885]
29680  Cyp11a1; cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K00498] [EC:1.14.15.6]
29632  Hsd3b2; 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 4 [KO:K00070] [EC:1.1.1.145 5.3.3.1]
360348  Hsd3b1; 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1 [KO:K00070] [EC:1.1.1.145 5.3.3.1]
24470  Hsd3b5; NADPH-dependent 3-keto-steroid reductase Hsd3b5 [KO:K00070] [EC:1.1.1.145 5.3.3.1]
682974  Hsd3b3; 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 2 [KO:K00070] [EC:1.1.1.145 5.3.3.1]
24298  Cyp21a1; steroid 21-hydroxylase [KO:K00513] [EC:1.14.14.16]
24368  Fh; fumarate hydratase, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K01679] [EC:4.2.1.2]
24881  Wnt1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 precursor [KO:K03209]
116466  Wnt2b; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
114487  Wnt2; protein Wnt-2 precursor [KO:K00182]
24882  Wnt3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
303181  Wnt3a; protein Wnt-3a precursor [KO:K00312]
84426  Wnt4; protein Wnt-4 precursor [KO:K00408]
64566  Wnt5a; protein Wnt-5a precursor [KO:K00444]
282582  Wnt5b; protein Wnt-5b precursor [KO:K00444]
316526  Wnt6; protein Wnt-6 precursor [KO:K00445]
114850  Wnt7a; protein Wnt-7a precursor [KO:K00572]
315196  Wnt7b; protein Wnt-7b isoform 1 [KO:K00572]
291678  Wnt8a; protein Wnt-8a precursor [KO:K00714]
293990  Wnt8b; protein Wnt-8b precursor [KO:K00714]
287357  Wnt9a; protein Wnt-9a precursor [KO:K01064]
303586  Wnt9b; protein Wnt-9b precursor [KO:K01064]
315294  Wnt10b; protein Wnt-10b precursor [KO:K01357]
316527  Wnt10a; protein Wnt-10a precursor [KO:K01357]
140584  Wnt11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
500047  Wnt16; protein Wnt-16 precursor [KO:K01558]
58868  Fzd1; frizzled-1 precursor [KO:K02432]
100360552  Fzd7; frizzled-7 precursor [KO:K02432]
64512  Fzd2; frizzled-2 precursor [KO:K02235]
266715  Fzd3; frizzled-3 precursor [KO:K02329]
64558  Fzd4; frizzled-4 precursor [KO:K02354]
317674  Fzd5; frizzled-5 precursor [KO:K02375]
364754  Fzd8; frizzled-8 precursor [KO:K02375]
282581  Fzd6; frizzled-6 precursor [KO:K02376]
266608  Fzd9; frizzled-9 precursor [KO:K02842]
363913  Fzd10; frizzled-10 precursor [KO:K02842]
83721  Dvl1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 [KO:K02353]
303811  Dvl3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353]
303251  Dvl2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353]
84027  Gsk3b; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
79257  Axin1; axin-1 [KO:K02157]
29134  Axin2; axin-2 [KO:K04385]
84353  Ctnnb1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
24205  Apc; adenomatous polyposis coli protein [KO:K02085]
299611  Apc2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
363595  Tcf7; transcription factor 7 [KO:K02620]
312451  Tcf7l1; transcription factor 7-like 1 [KO:K04490]
679869  Tcf7l2; transcription factor 7-like 2 [KO:K04491]
161452  Lef1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 [KO:K04492]
Compound
C00020  AMP
C00076  Calcium cation
C00187  Cholesterol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00410  Progesterone
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00735  Cortisol
C01176  17alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01953  Pregnenolone
C05138  17alpha-Hydroxypregnenolone
C05488  11-Deoxycortisol
C07557  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
Reference
PMID:26004339
  Authors
Lacroix A, Feelders RA, Stratakis CA, Nieman LK
  Title
Cushing's syndrome.
  Journal
Lancet 386:913-27 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61375-1
Reference
PMID:27588171
  Authors
Xiong Q, Ge W
  Title
Gene mutations in Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Biomed Rep 5:277-282 (2016)
DOI:10.3892/br.2016.729
Reference
PMID:25877147
  Authors
Fukuoka H, Takahashi Y
  Title
The role of genetic and epigenetic changes in pituitary tumorigenesis.
  Journal
Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 54 Suppl 3:943-57 (2014)
DOI:10.2176/nmc.suppl.2014-3
Reference
PMID:18987159
  Authors
Quereda V, Malumbres M
  Title
Cell cycle control of pituitary development and disease.
  Journal
J Mol Endocrinol 42:75-86 (2009)
DOI:10.1677/JME-08-0146
Reference
PMID:27742789
  Authors
Caimari F, Korbonits M
  Title
Novel Genetic Causes of Pituitary Adenomas.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 22:5030-5042 (2016)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-0452
Reference
PMID:25350067
  Authors
Lecoq AL, Kamenicky P, Guiochon-Mantel A, Chanson P
  Title
Genetic mutations in sporadic pituitary adenomas--what to screen for?
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 11:43-54 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2014.181
Reference
PMID:27625633
  Authors
Hannah-Shmouni F, Faucz FR, Stratakis CA
  Title
Alterations of Phosphodiesterases in Adrenocortical Tumors.
  Journal
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 7:111 (2016)
DOI:10.3389/fendo.2016.00111
Reference
PMID:21423242
  Authors
Melmed S
  Title
Pathogenesis of pituitary tumors.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 7:257-66 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2011.40
Reference
PMID:19407507
  Authors
Daly AF, Tichomirowa MA, Beckers A
  Title
Genetic, molecular and clinical features of familial isolated pituitary adenomas.
  Journal
Horm Res 71 Suppl 2:116-22 (2009)
DOI:10.1159/000192448
Reference
PMID:28850717
  Authors
Albani A, Theodoropoulou M, Reincke M
  Title
Genetics of Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 88:3-12 (2018)
DOI:10.1111/cen.13457
Reference
PMID:26045561
  Authors
Duan K, Hernandez KG, Mete O
  Title
Clinicopathological correlates of adrenal Cushing's syndrome.
  Journal
Postgrad Med J 91:331-42 (2015)
DOI:10.1136/postgradmedj-2014-202612rep
Reference
PMID:26264719
  Authors
Drougat L, Espiard S, Bertherat J
  Title
Genetics of primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia: a model for early diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome?
  Journal
Eur J Endocrinol 173:M121-31 (2015)
DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0532
Reference
PMID:17955016
  Authors
Stratakis CA, Boikos SA
  Title
Genetics of adrenal tumors associated with Cushing's syndrome: a new classification for bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasias.
  Journal
Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 3:748-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/ncpendmet0648
Reference
PMID:19906235
  Authors
Refojo D, Holsboer F
  Title
CRH signaling. Molecular specificity for drug targeting in the CNS.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1179:106-19 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04983.x
Reference
PMID:12089357
  Authors
Kovalovsky D, Refojo D, Liberman AC, Hochbaum D, Pereda MP, Coso OA, Stalla GK, Holsboer F, Arzt E
  Title
Activation and induction of NUR77/NURR1 in corticotrophs by CRH/cAMP: involvement of calcium, protein kinase A, and MAPK pathways.
  Journal
Mol Endocrinol 16:1638-51 (2002)
DOI:10.1210/mend.16.7.0863
Reference
PMID:15380809
  Authors
Lacroix A, Baldacchino V, Bourdeau I, Hamet P, Tremblay J
  Title
Cushing's syndrome variants secondary to aberrant hormone receptors.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 15:375-82 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2004.08.007
Reference
PMID:25485838
  Authors
Reincke M, Sbiera S, Hayakawa A, Theodoropoulou M, Osswald A, Beuschlein F, Meitinger T, Mizuno-Yamasaki E, Kawaguchi K, Saeki Y, Tanaka K, Wieland T, Graf E, Saeger W, Ronchi CL, Allolio B, Buchfelder M, Strom TM, Fassnacht M, Komada M
  Title
Mutations in the deubiquitinase gene USP8 cause Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Nat Genet 47:31-8 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/ng.3166
Reference
PMID:25930709
  Authors
Kaiser UB
  Title
Cushing's disease: towards precision medicine.
  Journal
Cell Res 25:649-50 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2015.53
Reference
PMID:28487882
  Authors
Uzilov AV, Cheesman KC, Fink MY, Newman LC, Pandya C, Lalazar Y, Hefti M, Fowkes M, Deikus G, Lau CY, Moe AS, Kinoshita Y, Kasai Y, Zweig M, Gupta A, Starcevic D, Mahajan M, Schadt EE, Post KD, Donovan MJ, Sebra R, Chen R, Geer EB
  Title
Identification of a novel RASD1 somatic mutation in a USP8-mutated corticotroph adenoma.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 3:a001602 (2017)
DOI:10.1101/mcs.a001602
Reference
PMID:26285834
  Authors
Huang C, Shi Y, Zhao Y
  Title
USP8 mutation in Cushing's disease.
  Journal
Oncotarget 6:18240-1 (2015)
DOI:10.18632/oncotarget.4856
Reference
PMID:26012588
  Authors
Theodoropoulou M, Reincke M, Fassnacht M, Komada M
  Title
Decoding the genetic basis of Cushing's disease: USP8 in the spotlight.
  Journal
Eur J Endocrinol 173:M73-83 (2015)
DOI:10.1530/EJE-15-0320
Reference
PMID:29370219
  Authors
Yu L, Zhang J, Guo X, Chen X, He Z, He Q
  Title
ARMC5 mutations in familial and sporadic primary bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia.
  Journal
PLoS One 13:e0191602 (2018)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0191602
Reference
PMID:19075677
  Authors
Wu X, Hua X
  Title
Menin, histone h3 methyltransferases, and regulation of cell proliferation: current knowledge and perspective.
  Journal
Curr Mol Med 8:805-15 (2008)
DOI:10.2174/156652408786733702
Reference
PMID:20457215
  Authors
Ozfirat Z, Korbonits M
  Title
AIP gene and familial isolated pituitary adenomas.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 326:71-9 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2010.05.001
Related
pathway
rno00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
rno00140  Steroid hormone biosynthesis
rno04020  Calcium signaling pathway
rno04024  cAMP signaling pathway
rno04110  Cell cycle
rno04310  Wnt signaling pathway
rno04927  Cortisol synthesis and secretion
rno04960  Aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption
KO pathway
ko04934   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system