KEGG PATHWAY: pale04620

KEGG

PATHWAY: pale04620

Entry

pale04620                   Pathway

Name

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway - Pteropus alecto (black flying fox)

Description

Specific families of pattern recognition receptors are responsible for detecting microbial pathogens and generating innate immune responses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-bound receptors identified as homologs of Toll in Drosophila. Mammalian TLRs are expressed on innate immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and respond to the membrane components of Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Pathogen recognition by TLRs provokes rapid activation of innate immunity by inducing production of proinflammatory cytokines and upregulation of costimulatory molecules. TLR signaling pathways are separated into two groups: a MyD88-dependent pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines with quick activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK, and a MyD88-independent pathway associated with the induction of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes, and maturation of dendritic cells with slow activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPK.

Class

Organismal Systems; Immune system

Pathway map

Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

Organism

Pteropus alecto (black flying fox) [GN:pale]

Gene

MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]

CCL5; C-C motif chemokine 5 [KO:K12499]

RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]

TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]

IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05411]

MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]

PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]

AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]

CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]

TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein isoform X1 [KO:K05403]

STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221]

IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]

PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

JAK1; tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 isoform X1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]

CXCL11; C-X-C motif chemokine 11 [KO:K12672]

CXCL10; C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]

NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]

IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]

CXCL9; C-X-C motif chemokine 9 [KO:K05416]

TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 [KO:K03174]

MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]

TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403]

TLR3; toll-like receptor 3 precursor [KO:K05401]

TICAM2; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2 [KO:K05409]

IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]

CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 [KO:K04391]

MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]

CTSK; cathepsin K isoform X1 [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]

MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

TLR9; toll-like receptor 9 precursor [KO:K10161]

MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]

TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]

STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220]

TOLLIP; toll-interacting protein [KO:K05402]

IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]

TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]

MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]

IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]

SPP1; osteopontin [KO:K06250]

CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160]

MYD88; myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]

IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]

MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]

FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]

IFNAR2; interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]

IFNAR1; interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]

FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]

MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]

CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]

MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

TLR2; toll-like receptor 2 precursor [KO:K10159]

IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]

IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]

IRF5; interferon regulatory factor 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09446]

CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 [KO:K05412]

IRAK1; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]

IRF9; interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]

TLR6; toll-like receptor 6 [KO:K10169]

TLR8; toll-like receptor 8 precursor [KO:K10170]

TLR1; toll-like receptor 1 precursor [KO:K05398]

TLR7; toll-like receptor 7 precursor [KO:K05404]

MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 isoform X3 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

TYK2; non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]

IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]

LY96; lymphocyte antigen 96 isoform X1 [KO:K05400]

MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]

TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]

MAP3K8; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04415] [EC:2.7.11.25]

CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 [KO:K05413]

MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

IRF7; interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]

TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 precursor [KO:K10160]

RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392]

TLR5; toll-like receptor 5 precursor [KO:K10168]

AKT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]

TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]

LBP; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K05399]

Reference

Authors

Kawai T, Akira S.

Title

TLR signaling.

Journal

Semin Immunol 19:24-32 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2006.12.004

Reference

Authors

O'Neill LA, Bowie AG.

Title

The family of five: TIR-domain-containing adaptors in Toll-like receptor signalling.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 7:353-64 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nri2079

Reference

Authors

Honda K, Taniguchi T.

Title

IRFs: master regulators of signalling by Toll-like receptors and cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors.

Journal

Nat Rev Immunol 6:644-58 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nri1900

Reference

Authors

Uematsu S, Akira S.

Title

Toll-like receptors and Type I interferons.

Journal

J Biol Chem 282:15319-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R700009200

Reference

Authors

Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O.

Title

Pathogen recognition and innate immunity.

Journal

Cell 124:783-801 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015

Reference

Authors

Yamamoto M, Takeda K, Akira S.

Title

TIR domain-containing adaptors define the specificity of TLR signaling.

Journal

Mol Immunol 40:861-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.006

Reference

Authors

Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD, Aderem A, Luster AD.

Title

The Toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells.

Journal

J Immunol 170:5165-75 (2003)
DOI:10.4049/jimmunol.170.10.5165

Reference

Authors

Aderem A, Smith KD.

Title

A systems approach to dissecting immunity and inflammation.

Journal

Semin Immunol 16:55-67 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.smim.2003.10.002

Reference

Authors

Banerjee A, Gerondakis S.

Title

Coordinating TLR-activated signaling pathways in cells of the immune system.

Journal

Immunol Cell Biol 85:420-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.icb.7100098

Reference

Authors

Loniewski KJ, Patial S, Parameswaran N.

Title

Sensitivity of TLR4- and -7-induced NF kappa B1 p105-TPL2-ERK pathway to TNF-receptor-associated-factor-6 revealed by RNAi in mouse macrophages.

Journal

Mol Immunol 44:3715-23 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.molimm.2007.04.002

Reference

Authors

Arbibe L, Mira JP, Teusch N, Kline L, Guha M, Mackman N, Godowski PJ, Ulevitch RJ, Knaus UG.

Title

Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway.

Journal

Nat Immunol 1:533-40 (2000)
DOI:10.1038/82797

Reference

Authors

Uematsu S, Akira S.

Title

Toll-like receptors and innate immunity.

Journal

J Mol Med 84:712-25 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-006-0084-y

Related
pathway

MAPK signaling pathway

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

NF-kappa B signaling pathway

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis

PI3K-Akt signaling pathway

Apoptosis

Complement and coagulation cascades

JAK-STAT signaling pathway

KO pathway

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