KEGG   PATHWAY: panu04210
Entry
panu04210                   Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Papio anubis (olive baboon)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
panu04210  Apoptosis
panu04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Papio anubis (olive baboon) [GN:panu]
Gene
101016626  TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
101002483  TNFRSF10B; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10B isoform X2 [KO:K04722]
101004108  TNFRSF10A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
101000210  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
101017433  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
101013835  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101006641  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X2 [KO:K03171]
101006231  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
101009470  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
101011831  CASP10; caspase-10 isoform X1 [KO:K04400] [EC:3.4.22.63]
101024310  CASP6; caspase-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
101023728  CASP3; caspase-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
100999117  CASP7; caspase-7 isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
101008656  BID; BH3-interacting domain death agonist isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
101000115  BAK1; bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer isoform X2 [KO:K14021]
101000195  DIABLO; diablo homolog, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K10522]
101015908  SEPTIN4; septin-4 isoform X2 [KO:K16943]
100999628  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
101025906  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101020480  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101021327  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101014039  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101008579  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
100997529  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
101021349  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
100997503  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101019410  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
103878393  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
108582823  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101014473  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
101023208  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
101009907  CASP9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
101015146  PRF1; perforin-1 [KO:K07818]
101000503  granzyme B [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
101010758  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
101018365  tubulin alpha-1C chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
101006121  tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X2 [KO:K07374]
101001204  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
101017171  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tubulin alpha chain [KO:K07374]
101018141  MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02539]
103877695  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin, alpha skeletal muscle-like [KO:K05692]
101002597  actin, cytoskeletal 4-like [KO:K05692]
101026869  ACTB; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
100997319  ACTG1; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
101026398  SPTAN1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X10 [KO:K06114]
100998097  LMNA; lamin [KO:K12641]
116271713  lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
101020340  LMNB1; lamin-B1 [KO:K07611]
101009923  PARP1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
101019467  PARP3; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
101019495  PARP4; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
100999337  PARP2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
101009129  DFFA; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02310]
101002048  DFFB; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
101024288  ENDOG; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
101004691  AIFM1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
101001514  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
101017914  TRAF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101017317  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
101023200  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
101001272  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
101025437  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
101022030  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
101005329  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: caspase-12 [KO:K04741] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101007255  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101025391  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
101013627  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
101001462  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X2 [KO:K04452]
101007225  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
101017791  CTSC; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
100137367  CTSD; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
101024857  CTSF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
101005151  CTSH; pro-cathepsin H isoform X1 [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
101022150  CTSK; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
101015663  CTSL; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
116269989  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative inactive cathepsin L-like protein CTSL3P [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
101023507  CTSO; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
101021545  CTSS; cathepsin S isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
101024395  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01375] [EC:3.4.22.43]
101010537  CTSW; cathepsin W isoform X2 [KO:K08569] [EC:3.4.22.-]
101006441  CTSZ; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
101026503  BIRC2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K16060]
100997299  BIRC3; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]
100998457  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 8 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101022825  XIAP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101006161  BIRC5; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
101010652  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
101019436  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
101026183  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X3 [KO:K02161]
101025952  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X3 [KO:K02308]
101011511  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100997178  DAB2IP; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X4 [KO:K19901]
101002917  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101005010  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101022320  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101019884  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101012551  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
101010894  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
101021141  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
101006608  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
101022502  HRK; activator of apoptosis harakiri [KO:K02512]
101024657  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100998877  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101016447  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X5 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101023751  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101026781  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X6 [KO:K02580]
101017078  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
101006174  PTPN13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 [KO:K02374]
101014806  GADD45A; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha [KO:K04402]
100997308  GADD45G; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
101012106  GADD45B; growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta isoform X2 [KO:K04402]
101001256  TRAF1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
101011095  BCL2A1; bcl-2-related protein A1 [KO:K02162]
101021695  ATM; serine-protein kinase ATM isoform X1 [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101007492  PIDD1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K10130]
101021738  BBC3; bcl-2-binding component 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10132]
101013691  PMAIP1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K10131]
101006276  CASP2; caspase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
100998449  NGF; beta-nerve growth factor isoform X2 [KO:K02582]
101012772  NTRK1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100137199  IL3; interleukin-3 precursor [KO:K04736]
101000289  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha-like [KO:K04737]
101009794  CSF2RB; cytokine receptor common subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
101004976  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101008699  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
101002278  PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100510873  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X4 [KO:K02649]
101009981  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
101002971  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
101006436  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100997634  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101000402  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100381179  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101002992  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X2 [KO:K02833]
101017528  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
101026253  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
101009029  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101008394  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101004074  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101012041  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101006756  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Related
pathway
panu04010  MAPK signaling pathway
panu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
panu04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
panu04115  p53 signaling pathway
panu04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
panu04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
panu04650  Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
panu04668  TNF signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04210   
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