Entry
Name
Cell cycle - Salmo trutta (river trout)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Salmo trutta (river trout) [GN:
stru ]
Gene
115204365 transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375 ]
115205573 transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein-like isoform X1 [KO:K13376 ]
115199870 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
115164984 smad4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 [KO:K04501 ]
115173628 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
115175837 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
115176558 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
115159360 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
115180008 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
115149222 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
115168205 zbtb17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 [KO:K10500 ]
115165870 zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17-like [KO:K10500 ]
115158748 orc1; origin recognition complex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02603 ]
115157676 orc2; origin recognition complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02604 ]
115162173 pkmyt1; membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase isoform X1 [KO:K06633 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
115158508 anapc4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03351 ]
115159715 anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26-like isoform X1 [KO:K03359 ]
115163715 anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15-like isoform X1 [KO:K25228 ]
115206593 anapc15; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 15 isoform X1 [KO:K25228 ]
115165028 cdc20b; cell division cycle protein 20 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K03363 ]
115165483 structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A-like [KO:K06636 ]
115197583 structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B-like [KO:K06636 ]
115168062 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K06670 ]
115187876 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A-like [KO:K06670 ]
115187877 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A-like [KO:K06670 ]
115165723 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K06670 ]
115173411 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A-like [KO:K06670 ]
115163822 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional regulator ATRX-like [KO:K10779 ]
115151798 mau2; MAU2 chromatid cohesion factor homolog isoform X1 [KO:K11266 ]
115204626 pds5b; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K11267 ]
115154024 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115167649 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115205700 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
115162918 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform-like [KO:K03456 ]
115205876 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456 ]
115193894 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115168369 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115174524 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115153103 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
115175014 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K11584 ]
115162235 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform-like [KO:K11584 ]
115162656 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115172518 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115172902 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115195884 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115198621 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
115178485 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1-like [KO:K06679 ]
115147910 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1-like [KO:K06679 ]
115194121 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537 ]
115198132 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537 ]
115168171 mad2l2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B isoform X1 [KO:K13728 ]
115192326 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402 ]
115158081 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402 ]
115169986 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402 ]
115158595 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like isoform X1 [KO:K04402 ]
115160226 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
115160227 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
115164187 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
115156711 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402 ]
115151646 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402 ]
115200447 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
115202749 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
115202750 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
Reference
Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cobrinik D
Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
Title
Surfing the p53 network.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uhlmann F
Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
Journal
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