KEGG   PATHWAY: xgl04210
Entry
xgl04210                    Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Xiphias gladius (swordfish)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
xgl04210  Apoptosis
xgl04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Xiphias gladius (swordfish) [GN:xgl]
Gene
120782944  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120783176  [KO:K04570]
120783259  parp3; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
120783990  casp2; caspase-2 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
120784104  tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
120784265  tnfb; tumor necrosis factor b (TNF superfamily, member 2) [KO:K03156]
120784286  mcl1b; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1b isoform X1 [KO:K02539]
120784389  si:ch211-1i11.3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120784416  ntrk1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
120784603  ctsk; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
120784605  ctss2.1; cathepsin S, ortholog2, tandem duplicate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
120784774  lmna; lamin isoform X1 [KO:K12641]
120784917  [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
120785082  ctso; cathepsin O isoform X1 [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
120785165  [KO:K02580]
120785321  ctsf; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
120785392  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
120785433  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120785458  cd40lg; CD40 ligand [KO:K04389]
120785816  [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120785943  [KO:K08738]
120786086  [KO:K12641]
120786191  ctss1; cathepsin S, ortholog 1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
120786192  [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
120786357  tnfa; tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2) [KO:K03156]
120786740  daxx; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
120787151  [KO:K07374]
120787509  endog; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
120787510  [KO:K19901]
120787521  lmnb1; lamin-B1 [KO:K07611]
120787755  casp9; caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
120787843  [KO:K04734]
120788023  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120788025  [KO:K02159]
120788413  map3k14a; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120788415  [KO:K02159]
120789011  map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120789083  ctsbb; cathepsin Bb [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
120789178  [KO:K04379]
120789344  parp1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 [KO:K24070]
120789439  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
120789444  fosab; v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab [KO:K04379]
120789915  [KO:K02161]
120790035  tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
120790300  gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402]
120790632  lmnb2; lamin-B2 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
120790713  [KO:K02649]
120790938  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
120790939  faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
120790950  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
120791009  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120791105  [KO:K04402]
120791111  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120791202  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120791272  cts12; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120791293  jun; transcription factor AP-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04448]
120791340  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120791544  [KO:K10522]
120791893  sept4b; septin 4b isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
120791894  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120791909  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120792134  atm; serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120792483  ctsc; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
120792501  [KO:K10522]
120792665  ctsh; pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
120792735  [KO:K02833]
120792799  itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
120793048  bida; BH3 interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
120793523  pidd1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10130]
120793562  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120793826  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
120793897  casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
120794257  [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120794357  lmnl3; lamin L3 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
120794394  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120794443  birc5a; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5a [KO:K08731]
120794611  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120794657  [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
120795111  zgc:153993; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
120795250  [KO:K04402]
120795320  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120795438  [KO:K04721]
120795536  ctsl.1; cathepsin L.1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120795587  fosaa; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
120795618  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
120795653  [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
120795730  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
120795821  nfkbiab; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha b [KO:K04734]
120795962  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120796054  [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120796127  fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
120796128  ctsba; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
120796205  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120796274  [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
120796275  [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
120796298  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
120796795  [KO:K08738]
120796885  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120797016  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120797026  rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
120797166  capn1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
120797372  badb; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b [KO:K02158]
120797533  tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
120797934  [KO:K07374]
120797994  [KO:K07374]
120798000  [KO:K07374]
120798288  [KO:K07374]
120798455  gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a isoform X1 [KO:K04402]
120798493  [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
120798627  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
120798684  parp2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 [KO:K28005]
120799023  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120799080  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
120799083  casp8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
120799085  [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
120799277  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
120799349  ripk1l; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120799405  [KO:K04448]
120799460  [KO:K02649]
120799714  actb1; actin, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05692]
120799817  tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
120799943  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120799962  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
120800404  ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
120800444  [KO:K07818]
120800453  capn2l; calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit, like isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
120800454  capn8; calpain-8 isoform X1 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
120800455  capn2b; calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit b [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
120800472  [KO:K07818]
120800498  fadd; protein FADD [KO:K02373]
120800522  atf4a; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04374]
120800541  [KO:K07818]
120800586  casp3a; caspase-3a [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
120800850  [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
120801162  [KO:K04724]
120801237  parp4; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
120801418  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
120801507  [KO:K08738]
120801555  apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
120801861  casp10; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
120802014  [KO:K07374]
120802015  [KO:K07374]
120802016  [KO:K07374]
120802448  [KO:K16943]
120802835  [KO:K07374]
120802854  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
120802926  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120802962  birc2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 [KO:K16060]
120803087  aifm1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
120803115  [KO:K07374]
120803349  tuba5; tubulin alpha 5 [KO:K07374]
120803375  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
120803427  ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
120803506  ngfa; neurotrophin-7 [KO:K02582]
120803534  [KO:K07374]
120803636  itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
120803693  dffb; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
120803788  dffa; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
120803799  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
120804015  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
120804111  birc5b; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5b [KO:K08731]
120804117  tuba1c; tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
120804118  [KO:K07374]
120804310  si:ch211-112c15.8; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
120804645  gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402]
120804648  [KO:K05692]
120804743  atf4b; activating transcription factor 4b [KO:K04374]
120804859  csf2rb; cytokine receptor common subunit beta [KO:K04738]
120804971  [KO:K07818]
120805057  [KO:K02649]
120805086  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
120805095  hdr; hematopoietic death receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
120805143  [KO:K07818]
120805165  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120805168  traf2a; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120805313  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
120805370  prf1.5; perforin 1.5 [KO:K07818]
120806118  napsa; napsin-A isoform X1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
120806199  traf2b; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120806220  sptan1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
120806252  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
120806380  dab2ipb; DAB2 interacting protein b isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
120806506  [KO:K07827]
120806563  [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
120806581  tnfrsfa; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member a [KO:K04722]
120806666  [KO:K04402]
120806752  ptpn13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
120806753  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
120806830  gadd45gb.1; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma b, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K04402]
120807202  ctsz; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
120807260  actb2; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
120807463  [KO:K04958]
120807467  ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
120807558  ngfb; nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
120807595  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
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Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
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PMID:9916983
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Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
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Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
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Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
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PMID:11520933
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Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
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Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
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Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
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PMID:24769728
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Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
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PMID:18208375
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Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
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Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
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PMID:19770840
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Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
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Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
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Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
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Apoptosis 28:313-325 (2023)
DOI:10.1007/s10495-022-01802-4
Related
pathway
xgl04010  MAPK signaling pathway
xgl04020  Calcium signaling pathway
xgl04115  p53 signaling pathway
xgl04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   

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