KEGG   PATHWAY: aml04140
Entry
aml04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
aml04140  Autophagy - animal
aml04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Ailuropoda melanoleuca (giant panda) [GN:aml]
Gene
100463775  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100463839  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
100463901  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X1 [KO:K17890]
100464089  STX7; syntaxin-7 isoform X2 [KO:K08488]
100464184  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
100464196  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100464285  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20179]
100464293  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100464445  RAB1A; ras-related protein Rab-1A [KO:K07874]
100464972  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
100464994  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
100464998  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100465069  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K11248]
100465351  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
100465634  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A isoform X2 [KO:K17907]
100465690  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
100465700  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100465789  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
100465793  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100465808  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
100465977  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
100466043  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
100466454  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K21245]
100466506  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
100466507  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K20402]
100466508  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
100466513  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266]
100466534  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X1 [KO:K08337]
100466862  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K08509]
100467147  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
100467161  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X8 [KO:K04958]
100467269  [KO:K17445]
100467471  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
100467568  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
100467580  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
100467736  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
100467802  [KO:K10802]
100467916  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
100468177  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21246]
100468252  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100468289  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
100468472  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A isoform X1 [KO:K20182]
100468642  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21347]
100468657  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
100468763  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100468906  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 [KO:K21247]
100469252  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
100469483  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN isoform X2 [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
100469628  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
100469708  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 isoform X1 [KO:K08336]
100469718  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
100469921  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X6 [KO:K22991]
100469922  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04570]
100470035  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100470115  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100470119  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
100470276  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100470346  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
100470501  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
100470706  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
100470752  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
100471093  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
100471122  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100471245  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100471255  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100471374  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100471455  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100471461  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
100471530  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
100471614  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X7 [KO:K17985]
100472114  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X4 [KO:K08331]
100472144  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100472170  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100472274  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 isoform X1 [KO:K23611]
100472388  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100472762  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
100473021  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
100473305  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100473538  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K08334]
100473836  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
100473872  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100473937  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
100474009  [KO:K02927]
100474114  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X2 [KO:K17888]
100474224  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23609]
100474245  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X1 [KO:K16185]
100474476  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
100474479  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X1 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100474735  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08339]
100474777  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
100474872  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X4 [KO:K04724]
100475038  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100475068  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
100475234  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100475271  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
100475291  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100475501  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
100475551  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
100475797  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K17606]
100475988  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
100476216  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100476424  DAPK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100476469  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100476686  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
100476697  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
100476830  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
100476851  [KO:K10802]
100477039  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
100477068  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
100477412  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X4 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100477600  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100477645  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
100477685  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100477810  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
100477820  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
100477951  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100478039  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100478081  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
100478358  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X2 [KO:K16186]
100478425  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
100479046  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
100479143  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
100479213  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X2 [KO:K20183]
100479294  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100479402  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
100479580  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100479743  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100479882  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K17987]
100479939  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100480073  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
100480205  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
100480357  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X1 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
100480414  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100480510  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
100480892  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K26797]
100481024  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
100481376  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
100481454  ATG16L2; autophagy-related protein 16-2 isoform X1 [KO:K20868]
100481918  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100482196  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100482222  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20181]
100482255  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100483146  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
100483216  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
100483432  INS; insulin isoform X2 [KO:K04526]
100483436  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
100483828  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100483830  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X5 [KO:K17908]
100483919  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100484104  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
100484115  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
100484167  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
100484172  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
100484313  CTSV; cathepsin L2 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
100484344  BCL2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
100484543  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X2 [KO:K12650]
100484642  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100484647  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100484696  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
100484786  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100484788  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
100484867  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105235280  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
105236647  [KO:K21245]
105237277  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
105238104  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
105240373  IRS4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
109489401  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
109491156  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
117798143  [KO:K19730]
117798840  [KO:K02977]
117798885  [KO:K02977]
117798948  [KO:K02927]
117800255  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117803533  [KO:K10435]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
aml04010  MAPK signaling pathway
aml04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
aml04142  Lysosome
aml04150  mTOR signaling pathway
aml04152  AMPK signaling pathway
aml04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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