KEGG   PATHWAY: bbub05012
Entry
bbub05012                   Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
bbub05012  Parkinson disease
bbub05012

Organism
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) [GN:bbub]
Gene
102408025  ADORA2A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenosine receptor A2a [KO:K04266]
102394701  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
102408597  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
112577614  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
102395376  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
102413668  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
102401306  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
102409247  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
102405387  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
102392366  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102413383  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102399173  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
102410290  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
102409252  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 isoform X1 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
102410983  ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40-like isoform X1 [KO:K02927]
102405730  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102391818  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
102414937  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
112579681  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
112584441  ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like [KO:K02977]
102410559  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
102407363  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 isoform X1 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102404034  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102412539  ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3-like [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102397417  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102397018  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102411258  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102395844  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102406619  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X4 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
102393969  SNCA; alpha-synuclein isoform X3 [KO:K04528]
102408420  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 [KO:K04243]
102403801  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04557]
102397629  synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
102413718  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 isoform X1 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102389577  proteasome subunit alpha type-6-like [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102404693  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102396933  proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102394294  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102414651  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102409916  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102404589  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102395089  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102390482  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102393397  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102412591  proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
123464563  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102401903  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102412893  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102407724  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102405437  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102395181  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102395092  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
102391163  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
102396902  PSMC1; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
102400517  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
102400430  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A isoform X1 [KO:K03065]
102407673  PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03066]
102406698  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
102397267  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
102405679  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
102401028  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
102396817  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
102400000  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
102411122  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03037]
102390594  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
123465688  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7-like [KO:K03038]
102404364  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X3 [KO:K03039]
102390745  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03029]
102396548  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 isoform X2 [KO:K03030]
102415305  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K03031]
102412438  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 isoform X1 [KO:K06691]
102414729  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
102391725  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
102403292  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
102416387  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
102405655  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
102393421  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
102408582  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
123466194  calmodulin-1-like [KO:K02183]
102396094  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
102406525  CALM3; calmodulin-3 [KO:K02183]
102410813  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
102396037  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102397549  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102389415  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X19 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102416446  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X7 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102415365  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X11 [KO:K04380]
102400486  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
102412452  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X8 [KO:K04958]
102401062  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04959]
102409793  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
102400354  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
102412431  HSPA5; endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
102394003  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
102405069  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
102404660  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102404909  uncharacterized protein LOC102404909 [KO:K09027]
102408041  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
102406027  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102411180  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102393344  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
112580290  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4-like [KO:K04374]
102395073  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
102404714  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102405347  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
102401631  SLC6A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
102408717  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
102409259  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
102405734  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K21398]
102407231  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X6 [KO:K21398]
102411837  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2-like [KO:K21398]
102412211  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 isoform X2 [KO:K14709]
102397768  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
102391223  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
102391181  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
102408399  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
102397374  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 isoform X1 [KO:K14713]
102413959  SLC39A8; metal cation symporter ZIP8 [KO:K14714]
102399332  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 isoform X1 [KO:K14715]
102397839  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 [KO:K14716]
102399507  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X2 [KO:K14717]
102414542  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X10 [KO:K14718]
102399228  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X5 [KO:K14719]
102407602  SLC39A14; metal cation symporter ZIP14 isoform X2 [KO:K14720]
56055846  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
56055849  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
56055858  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
56055839  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
56055859  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
56055862  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
60338993  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102392160  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102391135  NDUFV2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123329675  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
123465012  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102392551  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
102393322  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102397866  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
102399339  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1-like [KO:K03945]
102403959  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
102400357  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102407400  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
102399223  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
102395667  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102414391  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
102410078  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
102406535  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
123466177  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
102397729  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
102410584  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
102411879  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03954]
102409907  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03955]
102391367  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
102401861  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
102413692  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
102400746  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102411843  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03959]
102399781  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102397930  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
102389346  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
102397986  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
102412674  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03964]
123328312  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03964]
102405027  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
102394658  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
102407654  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
102390304  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial-like [KO:K11351]
102405427  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102398319  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102416108  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102406585  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102413806  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial [KO:K03937]
102399442  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102399952  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
102410245  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102404017  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102396466  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102407983  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102416641  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102407691  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102394201  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K00236]
102404930  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
56055863  H0I40_mgp01; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
102393946  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00413]
102405660  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
102402708  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
102393356  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
102393147  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
112578088  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
112582984  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
123465923  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00416]
102414919  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
102416106  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
123328075  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
102393778  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K00418]
123465060  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
102392517  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
102389068  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
56055836  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
56055854  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
56055856  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
102403818  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102389794  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263]
102403241  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
102407546  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
102410790  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
102395257  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102395499  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102411768  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
102413847  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
102391576  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
102398794  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
123329348  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
123333121  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-like [KO:K02268]
102404294  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102397215  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102393658  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102395196  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102400348  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102407803  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123327865  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123331610  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123332034  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
123332056  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
123334257  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
123331570  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102411142  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102395589  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102396784  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102401698  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102406515  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102413395  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
102389855  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102401461  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102391265  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102407968  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
102391573  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102399788  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102400788  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102404630  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102407133  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102408049  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
112581375  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
123465130  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
123331105  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
102398834  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8C, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02273]
102406763  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
123333838  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
102413459  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
102405058  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
102401078  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02136]
102406760  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
102394151  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
102394086  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
102415750  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
102409435  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
102413202  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
56055835  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
102398543  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
102411347  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102397265  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102414933  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
102416157  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
102400567  ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02138]
102416612  ATP5PO; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
102392990  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
56055857  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
102401425  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102412937  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
102391863  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102389817  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
102395091  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
102409656  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
102391970  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
102400092  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K15041]
102405012  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
102413768  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
102400898  SLC25A6; ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
102415498  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
102413761  ADP/ATP translocase 2-like [KO:K05863]
102390799  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
102391189  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112581627  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
102396152  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X3 [KO:K02084]
102412012  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
102415768  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102397062  PARK7; Parkinson disease protein 7 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
102416581  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102411013  bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102400076  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
102399652  MFN1; mitofusin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
102398468  MFN2; mitofusin-2 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
102391540  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
102414769  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
102411476  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X3 [KO:K10396]
102395742  kinesin light chain 1 isoform X11 [KO:K10407]
102399828  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
102393649  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
102415008  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
102414462  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
102405836  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
112584592  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
102405981  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
102397197  tubulin alpha-1D chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
102397626  tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
102394738  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
112579865  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
102415619  tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
102412090  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
102399969  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
102407148  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
102398816  TUBB2A; tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
102411164  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
102403160  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain [KO:K07375]
102396504  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
102412866  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
102410657  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
102413762  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
102402069  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
102410828  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
102405811  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638]
102411493  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial [KO:K03671]
102408706  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
123465472  thioredoxin-like [KO:K03671]
102400828  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 [KO:K02308]
102408502  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X2 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102393434  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102396572  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102403452  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102414313  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
102404883  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:16495942
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Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
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Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:12938733
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Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
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IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
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Reference
PMID:26501339
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Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
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Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
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Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:15767499
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Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
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Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
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Reference
PMID:16972273
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Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
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Reference
PMID:18047737
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Lim KL, Tan JM
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Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
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BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
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Reference
PMID:29090092
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
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Reference
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Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
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Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
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Reference
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Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
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Reference
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The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
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Reference
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Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
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Reference
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Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
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FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
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An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
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Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
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ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
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Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
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Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
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Reference
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Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
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Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
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Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
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Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
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Reference
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  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
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The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
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Reference
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Reference
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
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Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
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PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
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Reference
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Reference
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J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
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Related
pathway
bbub00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
bbub00350  Tyrosine metabolism
bbub03050  Proteasome
bbub04020  Calcium signaling pathway
bbub04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
bbub04137  Mitophagy - animal
bbub04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
bbub04210  Apoptosis
bbub04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   
LinkDB

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