KEGG   PATHWAY: mcc05012
Entry
mcc05012                    Pathway                                
Name
Parkinson disease - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder that results primarily from the death of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Both environmental factors and mutations in familial PD-linked genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ-1, PINK1 and LRRK2 are associated with PD pathogenesis. These pathogenic mutations and environmental factors are known to cause disease due to oxidative stress, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis impairment, mitochondrial dysfunctions and altered protein handling compromising key roles of DA neuronal function and survival. The demise of DA neurons located in the SNc leads to a drop in the dopaminergic input to the striatum, which is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo and hyper activity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the basal ganglia, respectively.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
mcc05012  Parkinson disease
mcc05012

Disease
H00057  Parkinson disease
Organism
Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:mcc]
Gene
100192390  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03029]
100423866  [KO:K02272]
100424587  [KO:K02268]
100424899  [KO:K04632]
100425223  CYCS; cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
100425382  COX6B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
100425664  TXN2; thioredoxin, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03671]
100425863  TUBB4B; tubulin beta-4B chain [KO:K07375]
100426173  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
100427191  MFN2; mitofusin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K06030] [EC:3.6.5.-]
100428417  COX6C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
100428437  COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
100429280  COX7C; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
100430178  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
100430704  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 precursor [KO:K14713]
106992278  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
106992282  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
106992283  [KO:K02270]
106993150  [KO:K02273]
106994854  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03947]
106994954  [KO:K02268]
106995399  [KO:K08738]
106996000  [KO:K02273]
106996033  [KO:K07375]
106998836  [KO:K02272]
107000976  [KO:K11351]
114669847  [KO:K03938]
114669899  [KO:K03948]
114671073  [KO:K02272]
114671531  [KO:K03948]
114673745  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
114673806  GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633]
114673956  [KO:K02272]
114674848  [KO:K02270]
114675522  [KO:K03959]
114677410  [KO:K02272]
114678228  [KO:K02272]
114678786  [KO:K02272]
114679364  [KO:K02272]
114679428  [KO:K02272]
114680400  [KO:K02272]
2846621  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846622  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846623  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
2846624  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
2846625  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
2846626  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846627  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846628  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
2846629  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
2846630  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846631  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846632  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2846633  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
574096  SOD1; superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
574113  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
574137  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
574143  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
574194  TUBA1A; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
574260  ATP5F1E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
574327  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
641333  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
677719  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
677864  UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
692060  COX7AH; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7AH [KO:K02270]
692061  COX5A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial precursor [KO:K02264]
692062  COX6B1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
693340  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
693431  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03958]
693482  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
693502  SLC25A5; ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
693506  [KO:K03938]
693577  [KO:K03064]
693753  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
693811  COX4I1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
693889  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
693966  [KO:K04565] [EC:1.15.1.1]
693986  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 [KO:K21398]
694164  APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
694181  DRD2; D(2) dopamine receptor [KO:K04145]
694260  [KO:K02128]
694289  [KO:K04632]
694318  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
694473  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
694520  [KO:K03949]
694544  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
694567  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
694635  NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
694795  [KO:K03959]
694996  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04963]
695066  [KO:K03949]
695102  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
695113  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
695406  SLC39A11; zinc transporter ZIP11 isoform X2 [KO:K14717]
695677  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
696110  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K04551]
696133  PSMB1; proteasome subunit beta type-1 [KO:K02732] [EC:3.4.25.1]
696144  [KO:K02128]
696628  GPR37; prosaposin receptor GPR37 precursor [KO:K04243]
696652  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
696669  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 precursor [KO:K14716]
696956  [KO:K02266]
696966  PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 [KO:K03039]
697069  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
697242  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
697409  [KO:K02264]
697675  UBE2L3; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 [KO:K04552] [EC:2.3.2.23]
697681  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03954]
697736  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
697745  NDUFB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
697796  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
697799  PSMC1; proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, ATPase, 1 [KO:K03062]
697843  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
697930  LRRK2; leucine-rich repeat serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08844] [EC:2.7.11.1]
697950  ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
697967  UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
698225  [KO:K08738]
698349  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit SEM1 [KO:K10881]
698356  KLC4; kinesin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
698435  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
698480  ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
698552  CALM1; calmodulin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
698601  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
698706  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
698712  PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
699117  [KO:K02138]
699231  [KO:K07375]
699310  GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha [KO:K04630]
699575  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
699631  [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
699736  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
699810  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
699847  PSMC4; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
699928  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
699951  [KO:K08738]
700087  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
700251  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
700338  ATP5PD; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
700372  SNCAIP; synphilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04558]
700518  CYC1; cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
700652  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
700718  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
700798  UBE2J2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J2 isoform X1 [KO:K04554] [EC:2.3.2.23]
700815  [KO:K02128]
700944  NDUFB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
701029  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
701063  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
701100  UBE2J1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 J1 isoform X1 [KO:K10578] [EC:2.3.2.23]
701128  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 isoform X3 [KO:K14718]
701133  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
701174  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K06693]
701223  [KO:K00417]
701246  [KO:K08738]
701389  ATP5F1A; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
701579  UCHL1; ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 [KO:K05611] [EC:3.4.19.12]
701661  [KO:K02265]
701683  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
701966  [KO:K00236]
702309  [KO:K00236]
702488  [KO:K08738]
702504  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X2 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
702583  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
702893  ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
702981  DUSP1; dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 [KO:K21278] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48]
703019  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
703193  HSPA5; 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein precursor [KO:K09490] [EC:3.6.4.10]
703514  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
703669  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
703685  [KO:K02268]
703751  ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128]
703780  GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
703965  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
704072  ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
704137  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03937]
704257  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
704336  [KO:K00236]
704498  [KO:K02927]
704867  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
704875  UBA7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 7 [KO:K10698] [EC:6.2.1.45]
705004  [KO:K03947]
705035  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
705112  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
705116  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
705178  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
705449  [KO:K08738]
705489  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter isoform X2 [KO:K08155]
705561  UBE2L6; ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme E2 L6 isoform X1 [KO:K04553] [EC:2.3.2.23]
705581  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
705944  ATP5F1D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
705980  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
705984  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
706037  PINK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase PINK1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K05688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
706067  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
706099  COX7B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
706234  TRAP1; heat shock protein 75 kDa, mitochondrial [KO:K09488]
706324  UBA1; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03178] [EC:6.2.1.45]
706351  [KO:K02183]
706691  [KO:K02128]
706912  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
706977  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X11 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
706985  SNCA; alpha-synuclein isoform X1 [KO:K04528]
707215  [KO:K07374]
707227  [KO:K02265]
707476  [KO:K02128]
707606  NFE2L2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [KO:K05638]
707865  ADORA2A; adenosine receptor A2a isoform X1 [KO:K04266]
707968  UQCRH; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial [KO:K00416]
708018  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
708161  [KO:K02927]
708333  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 isoform X4 [KO:K14710]
708334  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858]
708371  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
708377  PARK7; protein/nucleic acid deglycase DJ-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05687] [EC:3.5.1.124]
708396  UQCR; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, 6.4kDa subunit [KO:K00420]
708411  ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
708415  TUBB2B; tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
708468  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
708714  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
708821  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
708940  GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630]
708950  UQCRQ; ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, complex III subunit VII, 9.5kDa [KO:K00418]
708952  [KO:K07375]
709313  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 isoform X1 [KO:K14712]
709331  TUBB8; tubulin beta-8 chain [KO:K07375]
709426  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
709570  MFN1; mitofusin-1 [KO:K21356] [EC:3.6.5.-]
709640  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
709643  TUBA1B; tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
709728  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
709938  HTRA2; serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
710028  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
710042  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
710045  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
710075  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha-type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
710110  [KO:K07374]
710142  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
710150  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
710274  [KO:K02265]
710378  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
710417  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
710521  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
710540  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
710734  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
710822  PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X2 [KO:K03064]
710845  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
710862  UBE2G2; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G2 [KO:K04555] [EC:2.3.2.23]
710899  PRKN; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin isoform X1 [KO:K04556] [EC:2.3.2.31]
711115  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
711212  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K03951]
711309  [KO:K08738]
711326  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, integral membrane protein [KO:K00237]
711382  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
711387  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
711412  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
711417  [KO:K02128]
711564  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 isoform a [KO:K14709]
711724  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032]
711936  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396] [EC:5.6.1.3]
711970  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
712041  SEPTIN5; septin-5 isoform X2 [KO:K04557]
712131  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 [KO:K14711]
712148  [KO:K08738]
712159  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
712193  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
712421  [KO:K04380]
712430  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
712533  [KO:K07375]
712587  TXN; thioredoxin [KO:K03671]
712764  COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
712934  UBC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
713035  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
713040  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
713095  COX4I2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
713284  ATP5F1B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
713356  PSMC3; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
713420  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 precursor [KO:K14719]
713428  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
713768  ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
713863  XBP1; X-box-binding protein 1 isoform XBP1(U) [KO:K09027]
713995  COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
714331  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
714483  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
714643  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 [KO:K10407]
714901  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
715270  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
715782  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
715897  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
715994  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
716056  [KO:K08738]
716112  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X3 [KO:K14720]
716170  TP53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
716584  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
716666  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
717437  PSMC5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
717590  DAXX; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
717686  [KO:K02183]
717751  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
717849  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
717879  [KO:K02270]
717953  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
718007  COX8A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
718034  TUBA3E; tubulin alpha-3E chain [KO:K07374]
718040  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
718553  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
718632  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
718756  PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
718909  RPS27A; 40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
718948  BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
719811  [KO:K05863]
719935  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
719978  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
720056  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha isoform X1 [KO:K09054]
720175  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
720243  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
720514  KEAP1; kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 [KO:K10456]
720636  [KO:K00419]
720677  [KO:K07375]
721137  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase isoform X1 [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
721259  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
721528  UBE2G1; ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 G1 isoform X2 [KO:K10575] [EC:2.3.2.23]
721639  [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
721897  PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
721906  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03953]
722117  PSMC2; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03061]
722400  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
722506  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
722513  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
722862  [KO:K07375]
722929  [KO:K07375]
723069  [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00007  Oxygen
C00008  ADP
C00009  Orthophosphate
C00013  Diphosphate
C00020  AMP
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00034  Manganese
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00212  Adenosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C03758  Dopamine
C04043  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
C04599  1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
C07593  Rotenone
C11310  1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
C14701  Paraquat
C15231  Maneb
C16844  Hydroxyl radical
C17755  Dopamine quinone
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
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  Authors
Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit MM, Wood NW
  Title
Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 7:207-19 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1868
Reference
PMID:12938733
  Authors
Lim KL, Lim TM
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease: clues from Mendelian syndromes.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 55:315-22 (2003)
DOI:10.1080/1521654031000153030
Reference
PMID:26501339
  Authors
Bobela W, Aebischer P, Schneider BL
  Title
Alphalpha-Synuclein as a Mediator in the Interplay between Aging and Parkinson's Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 5:2675-700 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/biom5042675
Reference
PMID:15767499
  Authors
Eriksen JL, Wszolek Z, Petrucelli L
  Title
Molecular pathogenesis of Parkinson disease.
  Journal
Arch Neurol 62:353-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1001/archneur.62.3.353
Reference
PMID:16972273
  Authors
Olanow CW, McNaught KS
  Title
Ubiquitin-proteasome system and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Mov Disord 21:1806-23 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/mds.21013
Reference
PMID:18047737
  Authors
Lim KL, Tan JM
  Title
Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
BMC Biochem 8 Suppl 1:S13 (2007)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2091-8-S1-S13
Reference
PMID:29090092
  Authors
Maiti P, Manna J, Dunbar GL
  Title
Current understanding of the molecular mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Targets for potential treatments.
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Transl Neurodegener 6:28 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s40035-017-0099-z
Reference
PMID:12814656
  Authors
Dev KK, van der Putten H, Sommer B, Rovelli G
  Title
Part I: parkin-associated proteins and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:1-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/s0028-3908(02)00337-4
Reference
PMID:20495568
  Authors
Obeso JA, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Goetz CG, Marin C, Kordower JH, Rodriguez M, Hirsch EC, Farrer M, Schapira AH, Halliday G
  Title
Missing pieces in the Parkinson's disease puzzle.
  Journal
Nat Med 16:653-61 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nm.2165
Reference
PMID:24781149
  Authors
Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Calcium signaling in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 357:439-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-014-1866-0
Reference
PMID:19230774
  Authors
Bezprozvanny I
  Title
Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 15:89-100 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2009.01.001
Reference
PMID:28468938
  Authors
Zaichick SV, McGrath KM, Caraveo G
  Title
The role of Ca(2+) signaling in Parkinson's disease.
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Dis Model Mech 10:519-535 (2017)
DOI:10.1242/dmm.028738
Reference
PMID:28838811
  Authors
Ludtmann MHR, Abramov AY
  Title
Mitochondrial calcium imbalance in Parkinson's disease.
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Neurosci Lett 663:86-90 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.08.044
Reference
PMID:19663908
  Authors
Sandebring A, Dehvari N, Perez-Manso M, Thomas KJ, Karpilovski E, Cookson MR, Cowburn RF, Cedazo-Minguez A
  Title
Parkin deficiency disrupts calcium homeostasis by modulating phospholipase C signalling.
  Journal
FEBS J 276:5041-52 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07201.x
Reference
PMID:23352769
  Authors
Mercado G, Valdes P, Hetz C
  Title
An ERcentric view of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Trends Mol Med 19:165-75 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2012.12.005
Reference
PMID:27103567
  Authors
Mercado G, Castillo V, Soto P, Sidhu A
  Title
ER stress and Parkinson's disease: Pathological inputs that converge into the secretory pathway.
  Journal
Brain Res 1648:626-632 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.042
Reference
PMID:26297973
  Authors
Tsujii S, Ishisaka M, Hara H
  Title
Modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Eur J Pharmacol 765:154-6 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.033
Reference
PMID:31100053
  Authors
Shah A, Chao J, Legido-Quigley C, Chang RC
  Title
Oxyresveratrol exerts ATF4- and Grp78-mediated neuroprotection against endoplasmic reticulum stress in experimental Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Nutr Neurosci 1-16 (2019)
DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1613764
Reference
PMID:24548101
  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J, Paris I, Munoz P, Ferrari E, Zecca L, Zucca FA
  Title
Protective and toxic roles of dopamine in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neurochem 129:898-915 (2014)
DOI:10.1111/jnc.12686
Reference
PMID:31587020
  Authors
Jesko H, Lenkiewicz AM, Wilkaniec A, Adamczyk A
  Title
The interplay between parkin and alpha-synuclein; possible implications for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 79:276-289 (2019)
Reference
PMID:15189334
  Authors
Perez RG, Hastings TG
  Title
Could a loss of alpha-synuclein function put dopaminergic neurons at risk?
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J Neurochem 89:1318-24 (2004)
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Reference
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  Authors
Segura-Aguilar J
  Title
A new mechanism for protection of dopaminergic neurons mediated by astrocytes.
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Neural Regen Res 10:1225-7 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27546335
  Authors
Bose A, Beal MF
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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J Neurochem 139 Suppl 1:216-231 (2016)
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Reference
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  Authors
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  Title
Emerging (and converging) pathways in Parkinson's disease: keeping mitochondrial wellness.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun 483:1020-1030 (2017)
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Reference
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  Authors
Mack JM, Schamne MG, Sampaio TB, Pertile RA, Fernandes PA, Markus RP, Prediger RD
  Title
Melatoninergic System in Parkinson's Disease: From Neuroprotection to the Management of Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms.
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Oxid Med Cell Longev 2016:3472032 (2016)
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Reference
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Cali T, Ottolini D, Brini M
  Title
Mitochondria, calcium, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease.
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Reference
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  Authors
Gaki GS, Papavassiliou AG
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Oxidative stress-induced signaling pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Neuromolecular Med 16:217-30 (2014)
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Reference
PMID:25761946
  Authors
Franco-Iborra S, Vila M, Perier C
  Title
The Parkinson Disease Mitochondrial Hypothesis: Where Are We at?
  Journal
Neuroscientist 22:266-77 (2016)
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Reference
PMID:22926193
  Authors
de Vries RL, Przedborski S
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: be eaten to stay healthy.
  Journal
Mol Cell Neurosci 55:37-43 (2013)
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Reference
PMID:20736035
  Authors
Deas E, Wood NW, Plun-Favreau H
  Title
Mitophagy and Parkinson's disease: the PINK1-parkin link.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:623-33 (2011)
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Reference
PMID:25611507
  Authors
Pickrell AM, Youle RJ
  Title
The roles of PINK1, parkin, and mitochondrial fidelity in Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neuron 85:257-73 (2015)
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Reference
PMID:27911343
  Authors
Truban D, Hou X, Caulfield TR, Fiesel FC, Springer W
  Title
PINK1, Parkin, and Mitochondrial Quality Control: What can we Learn about Parkinson's Disease Pathobiology?
  Journal
J Parkinsons Dis 7:13-29 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:28823929
  Authors
Biosa A, Sandrelli F, Beltramini M, Greggio E, Bubacco L, Bisaglia M
  Title
Recent findings on the physiological function of DJ-1: Beyond Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
Neurobiol Dis 108:65-72 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:29147906
  Authors
Oh SE, Mouradian MM
  Title
Regulation of Signal Transduction by DJ-1.
  Journal
Adv Exp Med Biol 1037:97-131 (2017)
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Reference
PMID:31054074
  Authors
Dolgacheva LP, Berezhnov AV, Fedotova EI, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY
  Title
Role of DJ-1 in the mechanism of pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Bioenerg Biomembr 51:175-188 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:30370500
  Authors
Melo TQ, Copray SJCVM, Ferrari MFR
  Title
Alpha-Synuclein Toxicity on Protein Quality Control, Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum.
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Neurochem Res 43:2212-2223 (2018)
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Reference
PMID:30937538
  Authors
Zhai S, Shen W, Graves SM, Surmeier DJ
  Title
Dopaminergic modulation of striatal function and Parkinson's disease.
  Journal
J Neural Transm (Vienna) 126:411-422 (2019)
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Reference
PMID:29720658
  Authors
Parker JG, Marshall JD, Ahanonu B, Wu YW, Kim TH, Grewe BF, Zhang Y, Li JZ, Ding JB, Ehlers MD, Schnitzer MJ
  Title
Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states.
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Nature 557:177-182 (2018)
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Related
pathway
mcc00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
mcc00350  Tyrosine metabolism
mcc03050  Proteasome
mcc04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mcc04120  Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis
mcc04137  Mitophagy - animal
mcc04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
mcc04210  Apoptosis
mcc04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05012   

DBGET integrated database retrieval system