KEGG   PATHWAY: elk05164
Entry
elk05164                    Pathway                                
Name
Influenza A - Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
Description
Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
Pathway map
elk05164  Influenza A
elk05164

Organism
Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter) [GN:elk]
Gene
111156014  tryptase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01340] [EC:3.4.21.59]
111158701  plasminogen [KO:K01315] [EC:3.4.21.7]
111151952  anionic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
111151957  cationic trypsin isoform X1 [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
111140394  cationic trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
111140403  cationic trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
111155673  transmembrane protease serine 2 [KO:K09633] [EC:3.4.21.122]
111154010  transmembrane protease serine 4 [KO:K09635] [EC:3.4.21.-]
111148831  transmembrane protease serine 11D-like [KO:K09641] [EC:3.4.21.-]
111162208  protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111156451  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
111156463  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
111156464  2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase 2-like [KO:K14216] [EC:2.7.7.84]
111150728  2-5A-dependent ribonuclease isoform X1 [KO:K01165]
111162437  dnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09507]
111146959  dnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3 [KO:K09523]
111158436  interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111148773  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
111151515  E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25 isoform X1 [KO:K10652] [EC:2.3.2.27]
111146203  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX58 [KO:K12646] [EC:5.6.2.6]
111140996  interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12647] [EC:5.6.2.6]
111153942  NLR family member X1 isoform X1 [KO:K12653]
111141602  mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein isoform X1 [KO:K12648]
111144921  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111144397  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111139191  NF-kappa-B essential modulator [KO:K07210]
111161594  NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta [KO:K02581]
111140276  NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04734]
111153611  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
111149956  transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
111151555  calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
111144566  toll-like receptor 3 [KO:K05401]
111161725  TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
111148495  TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
111142106  serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111151174  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
111160645  interferon regulatory factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05411]
111157665  histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
111156131  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: CREB-binding protein [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
111146042  toll-like receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K10160]
111157097  toll-like receptor 7 [KO:K05404]
111159049  myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88 [KO:K04729]
111157836  interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111150049  interferon regulatory factor 7 [KO:K09447]
111158458  interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
111158456  interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
111147365  interleukin-6 isoform X1 [KO:K05405]
111150468  interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
111141150  interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
111152248  tumor necrosis factor isoform X1 [KO:K03156]
111149115  interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
111151532  C-C motif chemokine 2 [KO:K14624]
111151516  C-C motif chemokine 5 [KO:K12499]
111149252  C-X-C motif chemokine 10 [KO:K12671]
111162530  intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [KO:K06490]
111140482  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111159856  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111159858  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111159859  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111159861  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111159862  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111156578  interferon alpha-2-like [KO:K05414]
111156593  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111156594  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111156604  interferon alpha-like [KO:K05414]
111140592  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111156606  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111156609  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111140329  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111140335  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111140336  interferon alpha-1/2-like [KO:K05414]
111156577  interferon beta [KO:K05415]
111155707  interferon alpha/beta receptor 1 [KO:K05130]
111155645  interferon alpha/beta receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05131]
111142881  tyrosine-protein kinase JAK1 [KO:K11217] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111162402  non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase TYK2 isoform X1 [KO:K11219] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111160348  suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
111144592  signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta isoform X1 [KO:K11220]
111160141  signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 isoform X1 [KO:K11221]
111140721  interferon regulatory factor 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04693]
111155708  interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1 isoform X1 [KO:K14754]
111155686  interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx2 [KO:K14754]
111138988  double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K12968] [EC:3.5.4.37]
111153323  protein PML isoform X1 [KO:K10054] [EC:2.3.2.-]
111142126  interferon gamma [KO:K04687]
111147686  interferon gamma receptor 1 [KO:K05132]
111155682  interferon gamma receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05133]
111153517  tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2 [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
111156254  MHC class II transactivator isoform X1 [KO:K08060] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111152451  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha-1 chain [KO:K06752]
111152452  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752]
111152151  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype C beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
111152158  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
111152168  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752]
111152169  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752]
111152175  SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
111152178  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752]
111152191  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
111152200  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752]
111152259  DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
111152356  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752]
111152358  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752]
111152383  HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752]
111139817  NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12800]
111162289  apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD isoform X1 [KO:K12799]
111153900  interleukin-18 [KO:K05482]
111156623  interleukin-33 isoform X1 [KO:K12967]
111143470  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111155224  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
111143790  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
111155003  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111147545  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111154641  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
111161374  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111148765  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111150885  RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111147855  G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
111160230  cyclin-dependent kinase 4 [KO:K02089] [EC:2.7.11.22]
111147246  cyclin-dependent kinase 6 [KO:K02091] [EC:2.7.11.22]
111152154  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
111150032  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A-like [KO:K04722]
111150819  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6-like [KO:K04389]
111150909  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
111144883  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
111159748  tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
111152832  tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
111149616  FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
111141026  caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
111159768  BH3-interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
111160657  apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
111152355  bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer [KO:K14021]
111141207  voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862]
111157245  ADP/ATP translocase 2 [KO:K05863]
111144412  ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
111157056  ADP/ATP translocase 4 [KO:K05863]
111157123  ADP/ATP translocase 3 [KO:K05863]
111147305  cytochrome c isoform X1 [KO:K08738]
111142635  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c, testis-specific-like [KO:K08738]
111141900  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC111141900 [KO:K08738]
111142091  apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
111154673  caspase-9 isoform X1 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
111144607  caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
111145872  cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14404]
111158047  putative cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4-like protein [KO:K14404]
111160801  polyadenylate-binding protein 2 [KO:K14396]
111150211  nuclear RNA export factor 1 [KO:K14284]
111150213  nuclear RNA export factor 1 [KO:K14284]
111139886  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 5-like [KO:K14284]
111139891  nuclear RNA export factor 3 [KO:K14284]
111139896  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear RNA export factor 2-like [KO:K14284]
111139897  nuclear RNA export factor 2-like [KO:K14284]
111160960  NTF2-related export protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14285]
111141485  NTF2-related export protein 1 [KO:K14285]
111161527  heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15047]
111141667  mRNA export factor [KO:K14298]
111159374  nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96 isoform X1 [KO:K14297]
111154132  radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K15045]
111139000  farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase [KO:K00787] [EC:2.5.1.1 2.5.1.10]
111158087  protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
111144322  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111153158  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111161815  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
111162236  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111142759  mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
111160249  actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
111145734  actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
111148385  ras-related protein Rab-11A-like isoform X1 [KO:K07904]
111153216  ras-related protein Rab-11A [KO:K07904]
111159970  ras-related protein Rab-11A isoform X1 [KO:K07904]
111161848  ras-related protein Rab-11B [KO:K07905]
111147983  exportin-1 [KO:K14290]
111154985  importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
111146330  importin subunit alpha-8 [KO:K15043]
111158077  importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
111147814  importin subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K15042]
111143219  importin subunit alpha-7 [KO:K15042]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00080  H+
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:24225499
  Authors
Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
  Title
Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 95:263-77 (2014)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.059477-0
Reference
PMID:19565019
  Authors
Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
  Title
Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
  Journal
J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference
PMID:27751627
  Authors
Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
  Title
A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
  Journal
Trends Microbiol 24:933-943 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.003
Reference
PMID:18588994
  Authors
Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
  Title
Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2671-4 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2008.05.019
Reference
PMID:23977434
  Authors
Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
  Title
Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
  Journal
J Thorac Dis 5 Suppl 2:S132-41 (2013)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2013.07.42
Reference
PMID:20020828
  Authors
Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
  Title
Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
  Journal
Future Microbiol 5:23-41 (2010)
DOI:10.2217/fmb.09.108
Reference
PMID:21698289
  Authors
Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
  Title
Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
  Journal
PLoS One 6:e20215 (2011)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0020215
Reference
PMID:19782761
  Authors
Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
  Title
Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
  Journal
Microbes Infect 12:81-7 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.007
Reference
PMID:23170167
  Authors
van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
  Title
Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
  Journal
Viruses 4:1438-76 (2012)
DOI:10.3390/v4091438
Reference
PMID:30487536
  Authors
Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
  Title
Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 17:67-81 (2019)
DOI:10.1038/s41579-018-0115-z
Reference
PMID:29556226
  Authors
Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
  Title
Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:320 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00320
Reference
PMID:20130137
  Authors
Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
  Title
The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
  Journal
J Gen Virol 91:1439-49 (2010)
DOI:10.1099/vir.0.018465-0
Reference
PMID:18980544
  Authors
Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
  Title
Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
  Journal
Expert Rev Vaccines 7:1435-45 (2008)
DOI:10.1586/14760584.7.9.1435
Reference
PMID:27231932
  Authors
Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
  Title
Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
  Journal
Viruses 8:E152 (2016)
DOI:10.3390/v8060152
Reference
PMID:30510918
  Authors
Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
  Title
Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
  Journal
Front Cell Infect Microbiol 8:396 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396
Reference
PMID:21971186
  Authors
Varga ZT, Palese P
  Title
The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
  Journal
Virulence 2:542-6 (2011)
DOI:10.4161/viru.2.6.17812
Reference
PMID:30254192
  Authors
Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
  Title
The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
  Journal
Cell Death Dis 9:1002 (2018)
DOI:10.1038/s41419-018-1035-6
Reference
PMID:30545063
  Authors
Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
  Title
Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 10:E708 (2018)
DOI:10.3390/v10120708
Reference
PMID:21253874
  Authors
Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
  Title
Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
  Journal
Sci China Life Sci 54:68-74 (2011)
DOI:10.1007/s11427-010-4116-z
Reference
PMID:26008706
  Authors
Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
  Title
Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
  Journal
Viruses 7:2668-82 (2015)
DOI:10.3390/v7052668
Reference
PMID:30079062
  Authors
Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
  Title
Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
  Journal
Front Immunol 9:1581 (2018)
DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01581
Reference
PMID:23236273
  Authors
Paterson D, Fodor E
  Title
Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
  Journal
PLoS Pathog 8:e1003019 (2012)
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003019
Related
pathway
elk00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
elk03013  Nucleocytoplasmic transport
elk03015  mRNA surveillance pathway
elk04010  MAPK signaling pathway
elk04110  Cell cycle
elk04144  Endocytosis
elk04210  Apoptosis
elk04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
elk04621  NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
elk04622  RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
elk04630  JAK-STAT signaling pathway
elk05416  Viral myocarditis
KO pathway
ko05164   
LinkDB

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