Entry Name Influenza A
Description Influenza is a contagious respiratory disease caused by influenza virus infection. Influenza A virus is responsible for both annual seasonal epidemics and periodic worldwide pandemics. Novel strains that cause pandemics arise from avian influenza virus by genetic reassortment among influenza viruses and two surface glycoproteins HA and NA form the basis of serologically distinct virus types. The innate immune system recognizes invaded virus through multiple mechanisms. Viral non-structural NS1 protein is a multifunctional virulence factor that interfere IFN-mediated antiviral response. It inhibits IFN production by blocking activation of transcription factors such as NF-kappa B and IRF3. NS1 further inhibits the activation of IFN-induced antiviral genes. PB1-F2 protein is another virulence factor that induce apoptosis of infected cells, which results in life-threatening bronchiolitis.
Class Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viralBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Disease Drug D00777 Amantadine hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
D00900 Oseltamivir phosphate (JAN/USP)
D00901 Rimantadine hydrochloride (USP)
D01937 Zanamivir hydrate (JAN)
D09537 Favipiravir (JAN/USAN/INN)
D09547 Laninamivir octanoate hydrate (JAN)
D11021 Baloxavir marboxil (JAN/USAN/INN)
D11367 Pimodivir hydrochloride (USAN)
Orthology K19251 Influenza A virus hemagglutinin
K19394 Influenza A virus matrix protein 2
K19393 Influenza A/B virus matrix protein 1
K19391 Influenza virus nucleoprotein
K19390 Influenza virus polymerase acidic protein
K19389 Influenza virus RNA-directed RNA polymerase catalytic subunit [EC:2.7.7.48 ]
K19388 Influenza virus polymerase basic protein 2
K19396 Influenza A virus non-structural protein 1
K19397 Influenza A virus protein PB1-F2
K19395 Influenza A virus nuclear export protein
K09635 transmembrane protease serine 4 [EC:3.4.21.-]
K09641 transmembrane protease serine 11D [EC:3.4.21.-]
K09507 DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 1
K09523 DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 3
K16195 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K03237 translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1
K12647 interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1 [EC:3.6.4.13 ]
K12648 mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein
K04467 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
K07209 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
K07210 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit gamma
K02581 NF-kappa-B inhibitor beta
K04734 NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha
K02580 nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit
K04735 transcription factor p65
K21348 calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2
K05842 toll-like receptor adapter molecule 1
K03174 TNF receptor-associated factor 3
K07211 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [EC:2.7.11.10 ]
K05411 interferon regulatory factor 3
K04729 myeloid differentiation primary response protein MyD88
K09447 interferon regulatory factor 7
K03156 tumor necrosis factor superfamily, member 2
K12671 C-X-C motif chemokine 10
K06490 intercellular adhesion molecule 1
K04696 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
K11220 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1
K11221 signal transducer and activator of transcription 2
K04693 interferon regulatory factor 9
K14754 interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx
K10054 E3 SUMO-protein ligase PML [EC:2.3.2.-]
K05132 interferon gamma receptor 1
K05133 interferon gamma receptor 2
K12800 NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3
K12799 apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
K02649 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha/beta/delta
K00922 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
K10152 G1/S-specific cyclin-D3
K04721 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10
K04722 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10A/B
K04389 tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6
K04390 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6
K03158 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A
K03171 tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein
K02373 FAS-associated death domain protein
K04726 BH3 interacting domain death agonist
K02159 apoptosis regulator BAX
K14021 Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
K05862 voltage-dependent anion channel protein 1
K05863 solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator), member 4/5/6/31
K02084 apoptotic protease-activating factor
K14404 cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 4
K14396 polyadenylate-binding protein 2
K14284 nuclear RNA export factor
K14285 NTF2-related export protein 1/2
K15047 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U-like protein 1
K14297 nuclear pore complex protein Nup98-Nup96
K15045 radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing protein 2
K04366 RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K07904 Ras-related protein Rab-11A
K07905 Ras-related protein Rab-11B
K23940 importin subunit alpha-5
K15043 importin subunit alpha-1/8
K15042 importin subunit alpha-6/7
Compound C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Edinger TO, Pohl MO, Stertz S
Title Entry of influenza A virus: host factors and antiviral targets.
Journal Reference Authors Kido H, Okumura Y, Takahashi E, Pan HY, Wang S, Chida J, Le TQ, Yano M
Title Host envelope glycoprotein processing proteases are indispensable for entry into human cells by seasonal and highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
Journal J Mol Genet Med 3:167-75 (2008)
Reference Authors Ramakrishnan B, Viswanathan K, Tharakaraman K, Dancik V, Raman R, Babcock GJ, Shriver Z, Sasisekharan R
Title A Structural and Mathematical Modeling Analysis of the Likelihood of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in Influenza.
Journal Reference Authors Thanh TT, van Doorn HR, de Jong MD
Title Human H5N1 influenza: current insight into pathogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Michael P, Brabant D, Bleiblo F, Ramana CV, Rutherford M, Khurana S, Tai TC, Kumar A, Kumar A
Title Influenza A induced cellular signal transduction pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Hale BG, Albrecht RA, Garcia-Sastre A
Title Innate immune evasion strategies of influenza viruses.
Journal Reference Authors Sharma K, Tripathi S, Ranjan P, Kumar P, Garten R, Deyde V, Katz JM, Cox NJ, Lal RB, Sambhara S, Lal SK
Title Influenza A virus nucleoprotein exploits Hsp40 to inhibit PKR activation.
Journal Reference Authors Ehrhardt C, Seyer R, Hrincius ER, Eierhoff T, Wolff T, Ludwig S
Title Interplay between influenza A virus and the innate immune signaling.
Journal Reference Authors van de Sandt CE, Kreijtz JH, Rimmelzwaan GF
Title Evasion of influenza A viruses from innate and adaptive immune responses.
Journal Reference Authors Long JS, Mistry B, Haslam SM, Barclay WS
Title Host and viral determinants of influenza A virus species specificity.
Journal Reference Authors Chen X, Liu S, Goraya MU, Maarouf M, Huang S, Chen JL
Title Host Immune Response to Influenza A Virus Infection.
Journal Reference Authors Lu X, Masic A, Li Y, Shin Y, Liu Q, Zhou Y
Title The PI3K/Akt pathway inhibits influenza A virus-induced Bax-mediated apoptosis by negatively regulating the JNK pathway via ASK1.
Journal Reference Authors Ichinohe T, Iwasaki A, Hasegawa H
Title Innate sensors of influenza virus: clues to developing better intranasal vaccines.
Journal Reference Authors Le Sage V, Cinti A, Amorim R, Mouland AJ
Title Adapting the Stress Response: Viral Subversion of the mTOR Signaling Pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R
Title Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.
Journal Reference Authors Varga ZT, Palese P
Title The influenza A virus protein PB1-F2: killing two birds with one stone?
Journal Reference Authors Atkin-Smith GK, Duan M, Chen W, Poon IKH
Title The induction and consequences of Influenza A virus-induced cell death.
Journal Reference Authors Nogales A, Martinez-Sobrido L, Topham DJ, DeDiego ML
Title Modulation of Innate Immune Responses by the Influenza A NS1 and PA-X Proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Dai X, Zhang L, Hong T
Title Host cellular signaling induced by influenza virus.
Journal Reference Authors Li J, Yu M, Zheng W, Liu W
Title Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of influenza A virus proteins.
Journal Reference Authors Dou D, Revol R, Ostbye H, Wang H, Daniels R
Title Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement.
Journal Reference Authors Paterson D, Fodor E
Title Emerging roles for the influenza A virus nuclear export protein (NEP).
Journal Related ko00900 Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
ko03013 Nucleocytoplasmic transport
ko04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
ko04621 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway
ko04622 RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
LinkDB All DBs
