KEGG   PATHWAY: lav04072
Entry
lav04072                    Pathway                                
Name
Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant)
Description
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PLD-produced PA activates signaling proteins and acts as a node within the membrane to which signaling proteins translocate. Several signaling proteins, including Raf-1 and mTOR, directly bind PA to mediate translocation or activation, respectively.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
lav04072  Phospholipase D signaling pathway
lav04072

Organism
Loxodonta africana (African savanna elephant) [GN:lav]
Gene
100670137  EGF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pro-epidermal growth factor [KO:K04357]
100663544  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X2 [KO:K17386]
100661451  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D [KO:K05450]
100672750  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C [KO:K05450]
100654759  KITLG; kit ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05461]
100661112  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
100659125  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100670735  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100671240  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100655943  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X2 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100668116  INSR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100655474  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
100669213  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K09593]
100663169  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K08091]
100653766  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06279]
100659669  SHC3; SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448]
100654827  SHC4; SHC-transforming protein 4 [KO:K17449]
100674758  PTPN11; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 isoform X1 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
100657379  SOS1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]
100656200  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
100661512  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
100659051  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
100661766  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras isoform X1 [KO:K07831]
100656098  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras isoform X3 [KO:K07829]
100661156  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
100659236  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform X1 [KO:K08732]
100674091  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like [KO:K08732]
100662460  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
100669974  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
100657948  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100658340  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100666266  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100653731  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100665045  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
100675496  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
100663184  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100657536  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100660187  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100667008  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
100670924  TSC2; tuberin isoform X4 [KO:K07207]
100671462  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X1 [KO:K07208]
100660112  MTOR; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100677447  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA [KO:K04513]
100672092  ARF1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
100663342  ARL17A; ADP-ribosylation factor-like 17-like [KO:K07937]
100653925  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
100677739  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100658990  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
104847364  uncharacterized protein LOC104847364 [KO:K06856]
100663531  FCER1A; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit alpha [KO:K08089]
100662047  MS4A2; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit beta isoform X2 [KO:K08090]
100672059  FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K07983]
100675535  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X2 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100663651  SYK; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase SYK [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100665537  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100660595  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100658318  PLD2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
111753010  PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100675131  PLA2G4D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100675410  PLA2G4F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100658490  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100667057  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100665752  AGPAT1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
100658640  AGPAT2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
100673033  AGPAT3; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma isoform X1 [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
100665156  AGPAT4; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta isoform X1 [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
100662763  AGPAT5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon [KO:K19007] [EC:2.3.1.51]
100676401  SPHK2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sphingosine kinase 2 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
100668199  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
100655727  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100667623  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100657587  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100658240  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100665157  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100674713  PIP5K1A; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha isoform X3 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100655311  phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform X5 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100675521  PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100667177  DGKA; diacylglycerol kinase alpha [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100665703  DGKE; diacylglycerol kinase epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100663449  DGKD; diacylglycerol kinase delta isoform X4 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100668952  DGKI; diacylglycerol kinase iota isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100654038  DGKG; diacylglycerol kinase gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100658581  diacylglycerol kinase eta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100676890  DGKQ; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: diacylglycerol kinase theta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100677560  DGKZ; diacylglycerol kinase zeta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100671563  PLPP3; phospholipid phosphatase 3 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
100666604  PLPP2; phospholipid phosphatase 2 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
100668340  PLPP1; phospholipid phosphatase 1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
100666651  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
100670141  AGT; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
100667788  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: neurophysin 2-like [KO:K05242]
100664099  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
100659079  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
100668995  F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 [KO:K03914]
100664937  GRM2; metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 [KO:K04605]
100663502  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04606]
100668676  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
100676641  GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
100673918  GRM6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
100664172  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609]
100662461  GRM8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 [KO:K04610]
100665477  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
100657922  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
100677315  AVPR2; vasopressin V2 receptor [KO:K04228]
100668056  LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04289]
100674529  LPAR2; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2 [KO:K04291]
100655832  LPAR3; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 [KO:K04294]
100656506  LPAR4; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 [KO:K04275]
100674432  LPAR5; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 [KO:K08390]
100669291  LPAR6; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 [KO:K04273]
100658292  PTGFR; prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor [KO:K04262]
100653621  CXCR1; C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1 [KO:K04175]
100665573  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 2 [KO:K05050]
100670617  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100672435  PLCB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100668575  PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100663829  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100676444  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
100667505  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X1 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100664965  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 [KO:K04639]
100673566  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100670067  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
100674744  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
100663304  CYTH2; cytohesin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
100668862  CYTH4; cytohesin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
100664489  CYTH3; cytohesin-3 [KO:K18441]
100662600  CYTH1; cytohesin-1 [KO:K18441]
100655206  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
100669226  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
100671072  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100673570  ADCY2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100674724  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100675525  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100670244  ADCY5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100653532  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100653771  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100661616  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100663448  ADCY9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100655802  RAPGEF3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 [KO:K08014]
100660747  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 [KO:K04351]
100655058  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100660783  DNM2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dynamin-2 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00416  Phosphatidate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:17245604
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Lopez de Jesus M, Schmidt M
  Title
Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases.
  Journal
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 374:399-411 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00210-007-0131-4
Reference
PMID:21936578
  Authors
Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA
  Title
Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation.
  Journal
Chem Rev 111:6064-119 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/cr200296t
Reference
PMID:24995811
  Authors
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T
  Title
Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function.
  Journal
Membranes (Basel) 4:302-18 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/membranes4030302
Reference
PMID:17054901
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M
  Title
Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1768:888-900 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.012
Reference
PMID:24990952
  Authors
Foster DA, Salloum D, Menon D, Frias MA
  Title
Phospholipase D and the maintenance of phosphatidic acid levels for regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
  Journal
J Biol Chem 289:22583-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R114.566091
Reference
PMID:16143829
  Authors
Jenkins GM, Frohman MA
  Title
Phospholipase D: a lipid centric review.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2305-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5195-z
Reference
PMID:19815110
  Authors
Metcalfe DD, Peavy RD, Gilfillan AM
  Title
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:639-46; quiz 647-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.035
Reference
PMID:18936782
  Authors
Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ
  Title
New developments in mast cell biology.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 9:1215-23 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ni.f.216
Reference
PMID:12217395
  Authors
Cockcroft S, Way G, O'Luanaigh N, Pardo R, Sarri E, Fensome A
  Title
Signalling role for ARF and phospholipase D in mast cell exocytosis stimulated by crosslinking of the high affinity FcepsilonR1 receptor.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1277-82 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00075-5
Reference
PMID:19410013
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim KL, Jang JH, Choi YS, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The roles of phospholipase D in EGFR signaling.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:862-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.007
Reference
PMID:16622417
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim IS, Park JB, Lee MN, Lee HY, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The phox homology domain of phospholipase D activates dynamin GTPase activity and accelerates EGFR endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:477-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1401
Reference
PMID:14769825
  Authors
Kam Y, Exton JH
  Title
Role of phospholipase D1 in the regulation of mTOR activity by lysophosphatidic acid.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:311-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0731com
Reference
PMID:9310372
  Authors
Kozawa O, Blume-Jensen P, Heldin CH, Ronnstrand L
  Title
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in stem-cell-factor-induced phospholipase D activation and arachidonic acid release.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 248:149-55 (1997)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00149.x
Reference
PMID:11042115
  Authors
Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K
  Title
Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade.
  Journal
Biochem J 351 Pt 3:613-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3510613
Reference
PMID:11991733
  Authors
Fahimi-Vahid M, Gosau N, Michalek C, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M, Roberts N, Avkiran M, Wieland T
  Title
Distinct signaling pathways mediate cardiomyocyte phospholipase D stimulation by endothelin-1 and thrombin.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 34:441-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1006/jmcc.2002.1525
Reference
PMID:10666319
  Authors
Freeman EJ
  Title
The Ang II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells involves a phospholipase D-mediated signaling mechanism.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:363-70 (2000)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1608
Reference
PMID:9119890
  Authors
Naro F, Donchenko V, Minotti S, Zolla L, Molinaro M, Adamo S
  Title
Role of phospholipase C and D signalling pathways in vasopressin-dependent myogenic differentiation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 171:34-42 (1997)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199704)171:1<34::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-I
Reference
PMID:10807766
  Authors
Murdoch C, Finn A
  Title
Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases.
  Journal
Blood 95:3032-43 (2000)
Reference
PMID:8135758
  Authors
Sugiyama T, Sakai T, Nozawa Y, Oka N
  Title
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells: involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production.
  Journal
Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):479-84 (1994)
DOI:10.1042/bj2980479
Reference
PMID:17210675
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid?
  Journal
Cancer Res 67:1-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3016
Reference
PMID:15310762
  Authors
Delon C, Manifava M, Wood E, Thompson D, Krugmann S, Pyne S, Ktistakis NT
  Title
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:44763-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M405771200
Reference
PMID:23076158
  Authors
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 12:782-92 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3379
Reference
PMID:19264150
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:949-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.009
Related
pathway
lav00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
lav04010  MAPK signaling pathway
lav04014  Ras signaling pathway
lav04020  Calcium signaling pathway
lav04024  cAMP signaling pathway
lav04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
lav04144  Endocytosis
lav04150  mTOR signaling pathway
lav04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
lav04664  Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04072   
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