Entry
Name
Cell cycle - Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon)
Description
Mitotic cell cycle progression is accomplished through a reproducible sequence of events, DNA replication (S phase) and mitosis (M phase) separated temporally by gaps known as G1 and G2 phases. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are key regulatory enzymes, each consisting of a catalytic CDK subunit and an activating cyclin subunit. CDKs regulate the cell's progression through the phases of the cell cycle by modulating the activity of key substrates. Downstream targets of CDKs include transcription factor E2F and its regulator Rb. Precise activation and inactivation of CDKs at specific points in the cell cycle are required for orderly cell division. Cyclin-CDK inhibitors (CKIs), such as p16Ink4a, p15Ink4b, p27Kip1, and p21Cip1, are involved in the negative regulation of CDK activities, thus providing a pathway through which the cell cycle is negatively regulated.
Eukaryotic cells respond to DNA damage by activating signaling pathways that promote cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, the checkpoint kinase ATM phosphorylates and activates Chk2, which in turn directly phosphorylates and activates p53 tumor suppressor protein. p53 and its transcriptional targets play an important role in both G1 and G2 checkpoints. ATR-Chk1-mediated protein degradation of Cdc25A protein phosphatase is also a mechanism conferring intra-S-phase checkpoint activation.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (pink salmon) [GN:
ogo ]
Gene
123991530 transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein-like isoform X1 [KO:K13377 ]
124034501 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2-like [KO:K04500 ]
124036100 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K04500 ]
124048761 smad4a; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4a isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
123997833 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
124005023 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
124013125 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
124043467 mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04501 ]
124045822 zbtb17; zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17 [KO:K10500 ]
124032010 zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 17-like [KO:K10500 ]
124003490 cdkn1a; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06625 ]
124015947 cdc6; cell division control protein 6 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K02213 ]
123996715 mcm3l; MCM3 minichromosome maintenance deficient 3 (S. cerevisiae), like isoform X1 [KO:K02541 ] [EC:5.6.2.3 ]
123993890 cyclin N-terminal domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21770 ]
124048497 pkmyt1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase [KO:K06633 ] [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
124038324 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1-like [KO:K03348 ]
124048986 anapc2; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03349 ]
123999378 cdc27; cell division cycle protein 27 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K03350 ]
123997078 anapc4; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03351 ]
124008444 anapc10; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 10 isoform X1 [KO:K03357 ]
123998727 anapc13; anaphase-promoting complex subunit 13 isoform X1 [KO:K12456 ]
123997775 smc1b; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B [KO:K06636 ]
124032292 structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1A-like [KO:K06636 ]
124015302 smc3; structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 3 [KO:K06669 ]
124012379 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A-like [KO:K06670 ]
124043643 double-strand-break repair protein rad21 homolog A-like [KO:K06670 ]
124045106 rad21l1; double-strand-break repair protein rad21-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06670 ]
123992407 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional regulator ATRX-like [KO:K10779 ]
124011565 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional regulator ATRX-like [KO:K10779 ]
123999806 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional regulator ATRX-like [KO:K10779 ]
124021895 sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog A-like [KO:K11267 ]
124006758 pds5b; sister chromatid cohesion protein PDS5 homolog B [KO:K11267 ]
124010911 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
124013707 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
123993117 ppp2r1bb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform [KO:K03456 ]
124004833 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
123990583 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform-like [KO:K11584 ]
123990967 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
123994854 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
123995312 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
124041352 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
124014488 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform-like [KO:K11584 ]
124001142 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
124038185 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
124001311 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
124046206 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
124046529 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform-like isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
124017503 serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform-like [KO:K11584 ]
124022339 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1-like [KO:K06679 ]
124024619 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1-like [KO:K06679 ]
124014475 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537 ]
124008407 mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A-like [KO:K02537 ]
124045084 mad2l2; mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B [KO:K13728 ]
123996632 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402 ]
123996771 gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402 ]
123991377 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 beta-like [KO:K04402 ]
124009719 gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a isoform X1 [KO:K04402 ]
124033224 gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402 ]
124047881 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
124047882 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
124040993 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402 ]
124036554 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
124006633 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
124007199 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402 ]
124037900 growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 alpha-like [KO:K04402 ]
Reference
Authors
Matsuoka S, Yamaguchi M, Matsukage A
Title
D-type cyclin-binding regions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:11030-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Welch PJ, Wang JY
Title
A C-terminal protein-binding domain in the retinoblastoma protein regulates nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase in the cell cycle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Macaluso M, Montanari M, Giordano A
Title
Rb family proteins as modulators of gene expression and new aspects regarding the interaction with chromatin remodeling enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cobrinik D
Title
Pocket proteins and cell cycle control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Boutros R, Lobjois V, Ducommun B
Title
CDC25 phosphatases in cancer cells: key players? Good targets?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Diehl JA, Cheng M, Roussel MF, Sherr CJ
Title
Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta regulates cyclin D1 proteolysis and subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Klein EA, Assoian RK
Title
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclin D1 gene at a glance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sherr CJ, Roberts JM
Title
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shi Y, Massague J.
Title
Mechanisms of TGF-beta signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kamura T, Hara T, Kotoshiba S, Yada M, Ishida N, Imaki H, Hatakeyama S, Nakayama K, Nakayama KI
Title
Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bond M, Sala-Newby GB, Wu YJ, Newby AC
Title
Biphasic effect of p21Cip1 on smooth muscle cell proliferation: role of PI 3-kinase and Skp2-mediated degradation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harris SL, Levine AJ.
Title
The p53 pathway: positive and negative feedback loops.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Vogelstein B, Lane D, Levine AJ
Title
Surfing the p53 network.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Smith ML, Chen IT, Zhan Q, Bae I, Chen CY, Gilmer TM, Kastan MB, O'Connor PM, Fornace AJ Jr
Title
Interaction of the p53-regulated protein Gadd45 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Petersen BO, Lukas J, Sorensen CS, Bartek J, Helin K
Title
Phosphorylation of mammalian CDC6 by cyclin A/CDK2 regulates its subcellular localization.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sheu YJ, Stillman B
Title
Cdc7-Dbf4 phosphorylates MCM proteins via a docking site-mediated mechanism to promote S phase progression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Martinez AM, Afshar M, Martin F, Cavadore JC, Labbe JC, Doree M
Title
Dual phosphorylation of the T-loop in cdk7: its role in controlling cyclin H binding and CAK activity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lolli G, Johnson LN
Title
CAK-Cyclin-dependent Activating Kinase: a key kinase in cell cycle control and a target for drugs?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Musacchio A, Salmon ED
Title
The spindle-assembly checkpoint in space and time.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Uhlmann F
Title
Chromosome cohesion and separation: from men and molecules.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stegmeier F, Amon A
Title
Closing mitosis: the functions of the Cdc14 phosphatase and its regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moustakas A, Kardassis D
Title
Regulation of the human p21/WAF1/Cip1 promoter in hepatic cells by functional interactions between Sp1 and Smad family members.
Journal
Reference
Authors
de Boer HR, Guerrero Llobet S, van Vugt MA
Title
Controlling the response to DNA damage by the APC/C-Cdh1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Qiao X, Zhang L, Gamper AM, Fujita T, Wan Y
Title
APC/C-Cdh1: from cell cycle to cellular differentiation and genomic integrity.
Journal
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KO pathway
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