KEGG   PATHWAY: bbub04140
Entry
bbub04140                   Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
bbub04140  Autophagy - animal
bbub04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo) [GN:bbub]
Gene
102389438  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog isoform X2 [KO:K20179]
102389619  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
102389714  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102389801  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 isoform X2 [KO:K08509]
102389830  MRAS; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
102389973  TSC2; tuberin isoform X10 [KO:K07207]
102390310  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 isoform X2 [KO:K23610]
102390507  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K20402]
102390603  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
102390842  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K17606]
102391021  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X4 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102391221  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
102391818  RPS27A; ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a [KO:K02977]
102392149  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 isoform X8 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102392196  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
102392244  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K26797]
102392298  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
102392361  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b isoform X2 [KO:K07898]
102392366  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102392390  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
102392566  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X2 [KO:K17889]
102392568  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B isoform X2 [KO:K16185]
102392614  MAP1LC3C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
102392717  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha isoform X2 [KO:K08268]
102392945  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
102392960  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
102392995  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X2 [KO:K07827]
102393091  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 isoform X3 [KO:K17890]
102393120  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K21247]
102393434  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102393753  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
102393861  [KO:K16185]
102393899  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
102393991  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06528]
102394284  [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102394748  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 isoform X1 [KO:K08516]
102394773  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17603]
102395195  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
102395238  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
102395241  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
102395301  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16184]
102395384  [KO:K02649]
102395388  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
102395717  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 isoform X1 [KO:K07830]
102396026  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 isoform X2 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102396206  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102396436  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
102396572  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102396842  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102396990  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
102397012  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein isoform X1 [KO:K20183]
102397052  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator isoform X1 [KO:K12650]
102397292  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 isoform X3 [KO:K21246]
102397595  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21348]
102397685  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X6 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102397969  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102398090  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
102398160  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
102398206  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 isoform X1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102398465  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102398761  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102398909  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20184]
102399032  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 [KO:K23282]
102399225  [KO:K07829]
102399262  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08341]
102399487  NRAS; GTPase NRas isoform X2 [KO:K07828]
102399580  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102399721  CTSL; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
102399817  OPTN; optineurin isoform X1 [KO:K19946]
102400373  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K21248]
102400519  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102400715  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
102401221  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein isoform X4 [KO:K17987]
102401491  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C isoform X2 [KO:K16186]
102401715  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102401725  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 isoform X4 [KO:K11248]
102401735  TSC1; hamartin isoform X2 [KO:K07206]
102401744  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
102402077  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X3 [KO:K02161]
102402085  [KO:K07897]
102402138  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform X5 [KO:K08337]
102402192  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
102402641  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K26797]
102402840  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X4 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102403046  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 isoform X2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102403092  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor isoform X2 [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
102403296  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102403335  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type isoform X1 [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102403442  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
102403452  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X5 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102403644  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102404040  [KO:K17445]
102404085  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102404165  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102404392  CTSD; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
102404431  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 isoform X1 [KO:K17888]
102404517  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102404610  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102404618  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
102404660  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102405314  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X3 [KO:K07187]
102405361  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
102405692  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102405730  UBA52; ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40 [KO:K02927]
102405788  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
102406027  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102406195  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein isoform X1 [KO:K21249]
102406205  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
102406464  BECN1; beclin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K08334]
102406486  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
102406940  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K20180]
102407375  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102407430  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 isoform X1 [KO:K14381]
102407460  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
102407491  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X4 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
102407898  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
102407942  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
102407977  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102408393  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K22991]
102409323  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
102409603  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102409652  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
102409658  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B isoform X2 [KO:K17907]
102409744  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
102409842  [KO:K08341]
102410104  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 isoform X3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102410169  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102410207  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog isoform X8 [KO:K21245]
102410559  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
102410738  CTSB; cathepsin B isoform X1 [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
102410817  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb isoform X3 [KO:K07208]
102410983  [KO:K02927]
102411013  [KO:K04570]
102411180  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102411428  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
102411597  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D isoform X1 [KO:K16186]
102412184  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
102412372  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
102412399  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07204]
102412407  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K21347]
102412452  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X8 [KO:K04958]
102412504  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X6 [KO:K08331]
102412922  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102413357  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 isoform X4 [KO:K08339]
102413383  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X4 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
102413413  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
102413442  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102413506  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 isoform X3 [KO:K20868]
102414081  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X1 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102414298  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
102414634  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
102414670  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X2 [KO:K17906]
102414937  [KO:K02977]
102415109  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
102415113  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X4 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102415203  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102415227  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
102415236  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
102415341  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X2 [KO:K08266]
102416001  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B isoform X2 [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
102416215  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein isoform X1 [KO:K19330]
102416581  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
102416637  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
102416645  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22262]
102416653  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K06528]
112577609  [KO:K17606]
112579681  [KO:K02977]
112584441  [KO:K02977]
112587129  [KO:K02833]
123464880  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A isoform X2 [KO:K10435]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
bbub04010  MAPK signaling pathway
bbub04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
bbub04142  Lysosome
bbub04150  mTOR signaling pathway
bbub04152  AMPK signaling pathway
bbub04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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