Entry Name Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity - Equus asinus (ass)
Description Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in early defenses against both allogeneic (nonself) cells and autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as infection with viruses, bacteria, or parasites or malignant transformation. Although NK cells do not express classical antigen receptors of the immunoglobulin gene family, such as the antibodies produced by B cells or the T cell receptor expressed by T cells, they are equipped with various receptors whose engagement allows them to discriminate between target and nontarget cells. Activating receptors bind ligands on the target cell surface and trigger NK cell activation and target cell lysis. However Inhibitory receptors recognize MHC class I molecules (HLA) and inhibit killing by NK cells by overruling the actions of the activating receptors. This inhibitory signal is lost when the target cells do not express MHC class I and perhaps also in cells infected with virus, which might inhibit MHC class I exprssion or alter its conformation. The mechanism of NK cell killing is the same as that used by the cytotoxic T cells generated in an adaptive immune response; cytotoxic granules are released onto the surface of the bound target cell, and the effector proteins they contain penetrate the cell membrane and induce programmed cell death.
Class Organismal Systems; Immune systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map eai04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
Other DBs Organism Equus asinus (ass) [GN:
eai ]
Gene 106822180 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X2 [KO:K04390 ]
106824521 NCR2; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06742 ]
106824993 PIK3R2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
106825037 NCR3; natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 isoform X3 [KO:K06743 ]
106825560 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
106827588 FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983 ]
106829097 LAT; linker for activation of T-cells family member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07362 ]
106829263 HCST; hematopoietic cell signal transducer isoform X1 [KO:K07988 ]
106829313 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106830292 GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364 ]
106834253 SHC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447 ]
106834358 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
106834431 PPP3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
106834926 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
106835774 CD244; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: natural killer cell receptor 2B4 [KO:K06582 ]
106836695 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106837585 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
106838100 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
106838669 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
106840141 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
106840518 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
106840989 LAT2; linker for activation of T-cells family member 2 [KO:K26356 ]
106841026 CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427 ]
106841549 CD247; T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06453 ]
106841633 SHC3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SHC-transforming protein 3 [KO:K17448 ]
106842388 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X3 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
106845291 VAV2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 [KO:K05730 ]
106846070 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
106847522 TNFSF10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 isoform X2 [KO:K04721 ]
106847712 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X4 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Chiesa S, Tomasello E, Vivier E, Vely F.
Title Coordination of activating and inhibitory signals in natural killer cells.
Journal Reference Authors Maghazachi AA.
Title Insights into seven and single transmembrane-spanning domain receptors and their signaling pathways in human natural killer cells.
Journal Reference Authors Vivier E, Nunes JA, Vely F.
Title Natural killer cell signaling pathways.
Journal Reference Authors Colucci F, Di Santo JP, Leibson PJ.
Title Natural killer cell activation in mice and men: different triggers for similar weapons?
Journal Reference Authors Perussia B.
Title Signaling for cytotoxicity.
Journal Reference Authors Smyth MJ, Cretney E, Kelly JM, Westwood JA, Street SE, Yagita H, Takeda K, van Dommelen SL, Degli-Esposti MA, Hayakawa Y.
Title Activation of NK cell cytotoxicity.
Journal Reference Authors Djeu JY, Jiang K, Wei S.
Title A view to a kill: signals triggering cytotoxicity.
Journal Clin Cancer Res 8:636-40 (2002)
Reference Authors Smyth MJ, Takeda K, Hayakawa Y, Peschon JJ, van den Brink MR, Yagita H.
Title Nature's TRAIL--on a path to cancer immunotherapy.
Journal Reference Authors Colonna M.
Title Fine-tuning NK cell responses: it's a family affair.
Journal Reference Authors Bonnema JD, Leibson PJ.
Title Signal transduction during NK cell activation.
Journal Chem Immunol 64:28-43 (1996)
Reference Authors Tassi I, Presti R, Kim S, Yokoyama WM, Gilfillan S, Colonna M.
Title Phospholipase C-gamma 2 is a critical signaling mediator for murine NK cell activating receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Rao A, Luo C, Hogan PG.
Title Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function.
Journal Reference Authors Wu J, Lanier LL.
Title Natural killer cells and cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Cerwenka A, Lanier LL.
Title Natural killer cells, viruses and cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Blott EJ, Griffiths GM.
Title Secretory lysosomes.
Journal Reference Authors Lieberman J.
Title The ABCs of granule-mediated cytotoxicity: new weapons in the arsenal.
Journal Reference Authors Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal Reference Authors Liu D, Xu L, Yang F, Li D, Gong F, Xu T.
Title Rapid biogenesis and sensitization of secretory lysosomes in NK cells mediated by target-cell recognition.
Journal Reference Authors Trotta R, Puorro KA, Paroli M, Azzoni L, Abebe B, Eisenlohr LC, Perussia B.
Title Dependence of both spontaneous and antibody-dependent, granule exocytosis-mediated NK cell cytotoxicity on extracellular signal-regulated kinases.
Journal J Immunol 161:6648-56 (1998)
Reference Authors Jevremovic D, Billadeau DD, Schoon RA, Dick CJ, Leibson PJ.
Title Regulation of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity by the adaptor protein 3BP2.
Journal Related eai04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
KO pathway
