KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa04727
Entry
hsa04727                    Pathway                                
Name
GABAergic synapse - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). When released in the synaptic cleft, GABA binds to three major classes of receptors: GABAA, GABAB, and GABAC receptors. GABAA and GABAC receptors are ionotropic and mediate fast GABA responses by triggering chloride channel openings, while GABAB receptors are metabotropic and mediate slower GABA responses by activating G-proteins and influencing second messenger systems. GABAA receptors, the major sites for fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the CNS, are regulated by phosphorylation mechanisms, affecting both their functional properties and their cell surface mobility and trafficking. GABA release by the presynaptic terminal is negatively regulated by GABAB autoreceptors, and is cleared from the extracellular space by GABA transporters (GATs) located either on the presynaptic terminal or neighboring glial cells.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
hsa04727  GABAergic synapse
hsa04727

Drug
D00058  gamma-Aminobutyric acid (JAN)
D00225  Alprazolam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00241  Baclofen (JP18/USP/INN)
D00267  Chlordiazepoxide (JP18/USP/INN)
D00280  Clonazepam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00293  Diazepam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00304  Divalproex sodium (USP)
D00311  Estazolam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00329  Flurazepam (JAN/INN)
D00332  Gabapentin (JAN/USP/INN)
D00338  Halazepam (USAN/INN)
D00365  Lorazepam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00370  Temazepam (USP/INN)
D00376  Meprobamate (JAN/USP/INN)
D00387  Triazolam (JP18/USP/INN)
D00399  Valproic acid (USP)
D00430  Secobarbital (USP/INN)
D00457  Quazepam (JAN/USP/INN)
D00464  Oxazepam (JAN/USP/INN)
D00470  Prazepam (JP18/USAN/INN)
D00499  Pentobarbital (USP/INN)
D00500  Pentobarbital sodium (JAN/USP)
D00506  Phenobarbital (JP18/USP/INN)
D00530  Zaleplon (JAN/USP/INN)
D00531  Nitrazepam (JP18/USAN/INN)
D00532  Glutethimide (JAN/INN)
D00535  Vigabatrin (JAN/USP/INN)
D00537  Topiramate (JAN/USP/INN)
D00549  Propofol (JAN/USP/INN)
D00550  Midazolam (JAN/USP/INN)
D00555  Amobarbital (JP18/INN)
D00693  Chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (JAN/USP)
D00694  Clorazepate dipotassium (JP18/USP)
D00695  Flurazepam hydrochloride (USP)
D00696  Midazolam hydrochloride (USAN)
D00697  Flumazenil (JAN/USP/INN)
D00698  Aprobarbital (INN)
D00699  Butabarbital sodium (USP)
D00700  Mephobarbital (JAN/USP)
D00701  Phenobarbital sodium (JAN/USP/INN)
D00706  Zolpidem tartrate (JP18/USP)
D00710  Valproate sodium (USAN)
D00713  Thiamylal sodium (JP18)
D00714  Thiopental sodium (JP18/USP/INN)
D01071  Hexobarbital (JAN/INN)
D01150  Methyprylon (JAN/INN)
D01230  Flunitrazepam (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01245  Bromazepam (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01253  Clobazam (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01254  Tofisopam (JP18/INN)
D01268  Cloxazolam (JP18/INN)
D01278  Oxazolam (JP18/INN)
D01279  Flutoprazepam (JP18/INN)
D01286  Flutazolam (JAN/INN)
D01292  Medazepam (JP18/INN)
D01293  Ethyl loflazepate (JP18/INN)
D01310  Secobarbital sodium (JAN/USP)
D01316  Mexazolam (JAN/INN)
D01328  Clotiazepam (JP18/INN)
D01354  Fludiazepam (JP18/INN)
D01372  Zopiclone (JP18/INN)
D01382  Metharbital (JAN/INN)
D01408  Flurazepam hydrochloride (JP18)
D01514  Etizolam (JP18/INN)
D01564  Rilmazafone hydrochloride hydrate (JP18)
D01593  Nimetazepam (JAN/INN)
D01657  Lormetazepam (JAN/USAN/INN)
D01740  Barbital (JP18/INN)
D01744  Brotizolam (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01758  Haloxazolam (JP18/INN)
D02097  Tiagabine hydrochloride (USP)
D02252  Amobarbital sodium (JAN/USP)
D02253  Pentobarbital calcium (JP18)
D02283  Iomazenil (123I) (JAN/INN)
D02594  Abecarnil (INN)
D02616  Pagoclone (USAN/INN)
D02617  Ocinaplon (USAN/INN)
D02618  Butobarbital (BAN)
D02624  Eszopiclone (JAN/USP/INN)
D02640  Indiplon (USAN/INN)
D02770  Adinazolam (USAN/INN)
D02771  Adinazolam mesylate (USAN)
D02833  Alpidem (USAN/INN)
D03155  Bretazenil (USAN/INN)
D03180  Butabarbital (USP)
D03562  Clorazepate monopotassium (USAN)
D03584  Colforsin (USAN/INN)
D03737  Dextofisopam (USAN/INN)
D04257  Fospropofol disodium (USAN)
D04282  Gaboxadol (USAN/INN)
D04300  Ganaxolone (USAN/INN)
D04650  Ketazolam (USAN/INN)
D04721  Levotofisopam (USAN/INN)
D04882  Medazepam hydrochloride (USAN)
D05028  Midazolam maleate (USAN)
D05346  Panadiplon (USAN/INN)
D05378  Pazinaclone (USAN/INN)
D05621  Progabide (USAN/INN)
D05980  Suritozole (USAN/INN)
D06106  Thiamylal
D06887  Talbutal (INN)
D07298  Barbexaclone (INN)
D07326  Loprazolam (INN)
D07328  Cinolazepam (INN)
D07330  Clomethiazole (INN)
D07725  Clomethiazole edisilate
D07784  Delorazepam (INN)
D08145  Loprazolam mesilate
D08283  Nordazepam (INN)
D08356  Phenobarbital diethylamine
D08481  Rilmazafone (INN)
D08507  Sarmazenil (INN)
D08588  Tiagabine (INN)
D08667  Calcium valproate
D08690  Zolpidem (INN)
D08840  Adipiplon (USAN)
D08861  Arbaclofen placarbil (USAN/INN)
D09539  Gabapentin enacarbil (JAN/USAN/INN)
D09791  Arbaclofen (USAN)
D10194  Remimazolam besylate (USAN)
D11149  Brexanolone (USAN/INN)
D11150  Cenobamate (USAN/INN)
D11788  Remimazolam (USAN/INN)
D12146  Darigabat (USAN)
D12240  Valiloxybate (USAN)
D12382  Alogabat (USAN)
D12449  Cipepofol (USAN/INN)
Other DBs
GO: 0051932
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
81539  SLC38A1; solute carrier family 38 member 1 [KO:K14990]
54407  SLC38A2; solute carrier family 38 member 2 [KO:K14207]
27165  GLS2; glutaminase 2 [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
2744  GLS; glutaminase [KO:K01425] [EC:3.5.1.2]
2571  GAD1; glutamate decarboxylase 1 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
2572  GAD2; glutamate decarboxylase 2 [KO:K01580] [EC:4.1.1.15]
140679  SLC32A1; solute carrier family 32 member 1 [KO:K15015]
18  ABAT; 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase [KO:K13524] [EC:2.6.1.19 2.6.1.22]
2554  GABRA1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1 [KO:K05175]
2555  GABRA2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha2 [KO:K05175]
2556  GABRA3; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3 [KO:K05175]
2557  GABRA4; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha4 [KO:K05175]
2558  GABRA5; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha5 [KO:K05175]
2559  GABRA6; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha6 [KO:K05175]
2560  GABRB1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta1 [KO:K05181]
2562  GABRB3; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta3 [KO:K05181]
2561  GABRB2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit beta2 [KO:K05181]
2565  GABRG1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma1 [KO:K05186]
2566  GABRG2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma2 [KO:K05186]
2567  GABRG3; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit gamma3 [KO:K05186]
2563  GABRD; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta [KO:K05184]
2564  GABRE; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit epsilon [KO:K05185]
55879  GABRQ; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit theta [KO:K05192]
2568  GABRP; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit pi [KO:K05189]
5566  PRKACA; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5567  PRKACB; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
5568  PRKACG; protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit gamma [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
6714  SRC; SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
5578  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5579  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
5582  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
9001  HAP1; huntingtin associated protein 1 [KO:K04647]
11337  GABARAP; GABA type A receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
23710  GABARAPL1; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1 [KO:K08341]
11345  GABARAPL2; GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2 [KO:K08341]
4905  NSF; N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor, vesicle fusing ATPase [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
66008  TRAK2; trafficking kinesin protein 2 [KO:K15374]
5334  PLCL1; phospholipase C like 1 (inactive) [KO:K15375]
10243  GPHN; gephyrin [KO:K15376] [EC:2.10.1.1 2.7.7.75]
57468  SLC12A5; solute carrier family 12 member 5 [KO:K23967]
2569  GABRR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho1 [KO:K05190]
2570  GABRR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho2 [KO:K05190]
200959  GABRR3; gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit rho3 [KO:K05190]
773  CACNA1A; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A [KO:K04344]
774  CACNA1B; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B [KO:K04849]
775  CACNA1C; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C [KO:K04850]
776  CACNA1D; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [KO:K04851]
778  CACNA1F; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 F [KO:K04853]
779  CACNA1S; calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S [KO:K04857]
2550  GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 [KO:K04615]
9568  GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 [KO:K04615]
2770  GNAI1; G protein subunit alpha i1 [KO:K04630]
2773  GNAI3; G protein subunit alpha i3 [KO:K04630]
2771  GNAI2; G protein subunit alpha i2 [KO:K04630]
2775  GNAO1; G protein subunit alpha o1 [KO:K04534]
2782  GNB1; G protein subunit beta 1 [KO:K04536]
2783  GNB2; G protein subunit beta 2 [KO:K04537]
2784  GNB3; G protein subunit beta 3 [KO:K07825]
59345  GNB4; G protein subunit beta 4 [KO:K04538]
10681  GNB5; G protein subunit beta 5 [KO:K04539]
54331  GNG2; G protein subunit gamma 2 [KO:K07826]
2785  GNG3; G protein subunit gamma 3 [KO:K04540]
2786  GNG4; G protein subunit gamma 4 [KO:K04541]
2787  GNG5; G protein subunit gamma 5 [KO:K04542]
2788  GNG7; G protein subunit gamma 7 [KO:K04543]
94235  GNG8; G protein subunit gamma 8 [KO:K04544]
2790  GNG10; G protein subunit gamma 10 [KO:K04545]
2791  GNG11; G protein subunit gamma 11 [KO:K04546]
55970  GNG12; G protein subunit gamma 12 [KO:K04347]
51764  GNG13; G protein subunit gamma 13 [KO:K04547]
2792  GNGT1; G protein subunit gamma transducin 1 [KO:K04548]
2793  GNGT2; G protein subunit gamma transducin 2 [KO:K04549]
107  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
108  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
196883  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
112  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
113  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
115  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
3763  KCNJ6; potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6 [KO:K05000]
6529  SLC6A1; solute carrier family 6 member 1 [KO:K05034]
6540  SLC6A13; solute carrier family 6 member 13 [KO:K05046]
6538  SLC6A11; solute carrier family 6 member 11 [KO:K05044]
6539  SLC6A12; solute carrier family 6 member 12 [KO:K05045]
2752  GLUL; glutamate-ammonia ligase [KO:K01915] [EC:6.3.1.2]
10991  SLC38A3; solute carrier family 38 member 3 [KO:K13576]
92745  SLC38A5; solute carrier family 38 member 5 [KO:K14992]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00042  Succinate
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00238  Potassium cation
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
Reference
  Authors
Davis KL, Charney D, Coyle JT, Nemeroff C (ed).
  Title
Neuropsychopharmacology: The fifth generation of progress
  Journal
Lippincott Williams & Wikins (2002)
DOI:10.1002/hup.431
Reference
PMID:17499109
  Authors
Farrant M, Kaila K
  Title
The cellular, molecular and ionic basis of GABA(A) receptor signalling.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:59-87 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60005-8
Reference
PMID:9364667
  Authors
Ben-Ari Y, Khazipov R, Leinekugel X, Caillard O, Gaiarsa JL
  Title
GABAA, NMDA and AMPA receptors: a developmentally regulated 'menage a trois'.
  Journal
Trends Neurosci 20:523-9 (1997)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-2236(97)01147-8
Reference
PMID:20655485
  Authors
Pinard A, Seddik R, Bettler B
  Title
GABAB receptors: physiological functions and mechanisms of diversity.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:231-55 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58010-4
Reference
PMID:21376567
  Authors
Chalifoux JR, Carter AG
  Title
GABAB receptor modulation of synaptic function.
  Journal
Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:339-44 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.conb.2011.02.004
Reference
PMID:20655481
  Authors
Padgett CL, Slesinger PA
  Title
GABAB receptor coupling to G-proteins and ion channels.
  Journal
Adv Pharmacol 58:123-47 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/S1054-3589(10)58006-2
Reference
PMID:17499108
  Authors
Emson PC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors: structure and function.
  Journal
Prog Brain Res 160:43-57 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60004-6
Reference
PMID:16932937
  Authors
Kornau HC
  Title
GABA(B) receptors and synaptic modulation.
  Journal
Cell Tissue Res 326:517-33 (2006)
DOI:10.1007/s00441-006-0264-7
Reference
PMID:18382465
  Authors
Jacob TC, Moss SJ, Jurd R
  Title
GABA(A) receptor trafficking and its role in the dynamic modulation of neuronal inhibition.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 9:331-43 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrn2370
Reference
PMID:12086709
  Authors
Kneussel M
  Title
Dynamic regulation of GABA(A) receptors at synaptic sites.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 39:74-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-0173(02)00159-5
Reference
PMID:21555068
  Authors
Luscher B, Fuchs T, Kilpatrick CL
  Title
GABAA receptor trafficking-mediated plasticity of inhibitory synapses.
  Journal
Neuron 70:385-409 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.03.024
Reference
PMID:19374920
  Authors
Arancibia-Carcamo IL, Kittler JT
  Title
Regulation of GABA(A) receptor membrane trafficking and synaptic localization.
  Journal
Pharmacol Ther 123:17-31 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.03.012
Reference
PMID:16787421
  Authors
Bak LK, Schousboe A, Waagepetersen HS
  Title
The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle: aspects of transport, neurotransmitter homeostasis and ammonia transfer.
  Journal
J Neurochem 98:641-53 (2006)
DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03913.x
Reference
PMID:15210304
  Authors
Conti F, Minelli A, Melone M
  Title
GABA transporters in the mammalian cerebral cortex: localization, development and pathological implications.
  Journal
Brain Res Brain Res Rev 45:196-212 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.03.003
Reference
PMID:12888801
  Authors
Brambilla P, Perez J, Barale F, Schettini G, Soares JC
  Title
GABAergic dysfunction in mood disorders.
  Journal
Mol Psychiatry 8:721-37, 715 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/sj.mp.4001362
Reference
PMID:10780899
  Authors
Chebib M, Johnston GA
  Title
GABA-Activated ligand gated ion channels: medicinal chemistry and molecular biology.
  Journal
J Med Chem 43:1427-47 (2000)
DOI:10.1021/jm9904349
Related
pathway
hsa00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
hsa00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
hsa04144  Endocytosis
hsa04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
KO pathway
ko04727   
LinkDB

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