Entry
Name
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection - Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur)
Description
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), is the most recently identified human tumor virus, and is associated with the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and Multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). Like all other herpesviruses, KSHV displays two modes of life cycle, latency and lytic replication, which are characterized by the patterns of viral gene expression. Genes expressed in latency (LANA, v-cyclin, v-FLIP, Kaposins A, B and C and viral miRNAs) are mainly thought to facilitate the establishment of life long latency in its host and survival against the host innate, and adaptive immune surveillance mechanisms. Among the viral proteins shown to be expressed during lytic replication are potent signaling molecules such as vGPCR, vIL6, vIRFs, vCCLs, K1 and K15, which have been implicated experimentally in the angiogenic and inflammatory phenotype observed in KS lesions. Several of these latent viral and lytic proteins are known to transform host cells, linking KSHV with the development of severe human malignancies.
Class
Human Diseases; Infectious disease: viral
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
gvr05167 Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection
Ortholog table
Organism
Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur) [GN:
gvr ]
Gene
103588074 STAT1; signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta [KO:K11220 ]
103594016 STAT2; signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 [KO:K11221 ]
103590058 CSF2; granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [KO:K05427 ]
103607184 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
103605365 TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158 ]
103602860 TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein isoform X1 [KO:K03171 ]
103591436 NFKBIA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734 ]
103609219 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-11 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
103610244 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
103602353 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
103610772 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
103606064 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
103586434 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
103592560 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E-like [KO:K06751 ]
103583502 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
103593656 ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889 ]
103587192 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343 ]
103581725 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C-like [KO:K10435 ]
103589305 MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435 ]
103598197 MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435 ]
103599715 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
103596930 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
103586407 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07825 ]
103586779 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
103601724 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 [KO:K04539 ]
103591088 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
103592984 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04544 ]
103589599 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
103588774 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
103589588 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 isoform X1 [KO:K04548 ]
103586741 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103584426 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
103584437 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
103586572 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103586784 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103587883 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
103585463 PIK3R3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
103593683 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
103608454 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
103594179 PREX1; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein isoform X1 [KO:K12365 ]
103606477 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cell surface glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1-like [KO:K21668 ]
103606318 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
103599723 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
103591114 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
103598106 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
103598210 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
103585050 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
103598251 NFATC2; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
103586032 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 [KO:K17333 ]
103590142 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17334 ]
103600597 growth-regulated protein homolog gamma-like isoform X1 [KO:K05505 ]
103585760 VEGFA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448 ]
103600468 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
103588371 IL6ST; interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K05060 ]
103595356 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3-like [KO:K04692 ]
103586701 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
Compound
C00350 Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Lee HR, Brulois K, Wong L, Jung JU
Title
Modulation of Immune System by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Lessons from Viral Evasion Strategies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Liang C, Lee JS, Jung JU
Title
Immune evasion in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus associated oncogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cai Q, Verma SC, Lu J, Robertson ES
Title
Molecular biology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and related oncogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rezaee SA, Cunningham C, Davison AJ, Blackbourn DJ
Title
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus immune modulation: an overview.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Areste C, Blackbourn DJ
Title
Modulation of the immune system by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mark L, Spiller OB, Villoutreix BO, Blom AM
Title
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus complement control protein: KCP--complement inhibition and more.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Weber KS, Grone HJ, Rocken M, Klier C, Gu S, Wank R, Proudfoot AE, Nelson PJ, Weber C
Title
Selective recruitment of Th2-type cells and evasion from a cytotoxic immune response mediated by viral macrophage inhibitory protein-II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Stine JT, Wood C, Hill M, Epp A, Raport CJ, Schweickart VL, Endo Y, Sasaki T, Simmons G, Boshoff C, Clapham P, Chang Y, Moore P, Gray PW, Chantry D
Title
KSHV-encoded CC chemokine vMIP-III is a CCR4 agonist, stimulates angiogenesis, and selectively chemoattracts TH2 cells.
Journal
Blood 95:1151-7 (2000)
Reference
Authors
Schulz TF, Cesarman E
Title
Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus: mechanisms of oncogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endres MJ, Garlisi CG, Xiao H, Shan L, Hedrick JA
Title
The Kaposi's sarcoma-related herpesvirus (KSHV)-encoded chemokine vMIP-I is a specific agonist for the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)8.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Choi YB, Nicholas J
Title
Autocrine and paracrine promotion of cell survival and virus replication by human herpesvirus 8 chemokines.
Journal
Reference
Authors
McCormick C, Ganem D
Title
The kaposin B protein of KSHV activates the p38/MK2 pathway and stabilizes cytokine mRNAs.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang HW, Boshoff C
Title
Linking Kaposi virus to cancer-associated cytokines.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jarviluoma A, Ojala PM
Title
Cell signaling pathways engaged by KSHV.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang HW, Sharp TV, Koumi A, Koentges G, Boshoff C
Title
Characterization of an anti-apoptotic glycoprotein encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus which resembles a spliced variant of human survivin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Djerbi M, Screpanti V, Catrina AI, Bogen B, Biberfeld P, Grandien A
Title
The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chaudhary PM, Jasmin A, Eby MT, Hood L
Title
Modulation of the NF-kappa B pathway by virally encoded death effector domains-containing proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Field N, Low W, Daniels M, Howell S, Daviet L, Boshoff C, Collins M
Title
KSHV vFLIP binds to IKK-gamma to activate IKK.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mesri EA, Cesarman E, Boshoff C
Title
Kaposi's sarcoma and its associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ishido S, Wang C, Lee BS, Cohen GB, Jung JU
Title
Downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K3 and K5 proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Li Q, Means R, Lang S, Jung JU
Title
Downregulation of gamma interferon receptor 1 by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K3 and K5.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Thomas M, Boname JM, Field S, Nejentsev S, Salio M, Cerundolo V, Wills M, Lehner PJ
Title
Down-regulation of NKG2D and NKp80 ligands by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K5 protects against NK cell cytotoxicity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Coscoy L, Ganem D
Title
A viral protein that selectively downregulates ICAM-1 and B7-2 and modulates T cell costimulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pratt ZL, Sugden B
Title
How human tumor viruses make use of autophagy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schulz TF, Moore PS
Title
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: a new human tumor virus, but how?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moore PS, Chang Y
Title
Antiviral activity of tumor-suppressor pathways: clues from molecular piracy by KSHV.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Verma SC, Robertson ES
Title
Molecular biology and pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jenner RG, Boshoff C
Title
The molecular pathology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Foster-Cuevas M, Wright GJ, Puklavec MJ, Brown MH, Barclay AN
Title
Human herpesvirus 8 K14 protein mimics CD200 in down-regulating macrophage activation through CD200 receptor.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sodhi A, Montaner S, Patel V, Zohar M, Bais C, Mesri EA, Gutkind JS
Title
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus G protein-coupled receptor up-regulates vascular endothelial growth factor expression and secretion through mitogen-activated protein kinase and p38 pathways acting on hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.
Journal
Cancer Res 60:4873-80 (2000)
Reference
Authors
Abere B, Schulz TF
Title
KSHV non-structural membrane proteins involved in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways and the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sodhi A, Montaner S, Gutkind JS
Title
Viral hijacking of G-protein-coupled-receptor signalling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Montaner S
Title
Akt/TSC/mTOR activation by the KSHV G protein-coupled receptor: emerging insights into the molecular oncogenesis and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bala K, Bosco R, Gramolelli S, Haas DA, Kati S, Pietrek M, Havemeier A, Yakushko Y, Singh VV, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kracht M, Schulz TF
Title
Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus K15 protein contributes to virus-induced angiogenesis by recruiting PLCgamma1 and activating NFAT1-dependent RCAN1 expression.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lagunoff M, Majeti R, Weiss A, Ganem D
Title
Deregulated signal transduction by the K1 gene product of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sousa-Squiavinato AC, Silvestre RN, Elgui De Oliveira D
Title
Biology and oncogenicity of the Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus K1 protein.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Havemeier A, Gramolelli S, Pietrek M, Jochmann R, Sturzl M, Schulz TF
Title
Activation of NF-kappaB by the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K15 protein involves recruitment of the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase, IkappaB kinases, and phosphorylation of p65.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Brinkmann MM, Pietrek M, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Kracht M, Schulz TF
Title
Modulation of host gene expression by the K15 protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang L, Dittmer DP, Tomlinson CC, Fakhari FD, Damania B
Title
Immortalization of primary endothelial cells by the K1 protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Morris VA, Punjabi AS, Wells RC, Wittkopp CJ, Vart R, Lagunoff M
Title
The KSHV viral IL-6 homolog is sufficient to induce blood to lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Purushothaman P, Uppal T, Verma SC
Title
Molecular biology of KSHV lytic reactivation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fujimuro M, Hayward SD
Title
Manipulation of glycogen-synthase kinase-3 activity in KSHV-associated cancers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Purushothaman P, Dabral P, Gupta N, Sarkar R, Verma SC
Title
KSHV Genome Replication and Maintenance.
Journal
Related pathway
gvr04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
gvr04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
gvr04650 Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity
KO pathway
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