KEGG   PATHWAY: sara04936
Entry
sara04936                   Pathway                                
Name
Alcoholic liver disease - Sorex araneus (European shrew)
Description
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) refers to the damages to the liver and its functions due to alcohol overconsumption. It ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Alcohol consumption promotes liver inflammation by increasing the translocation of gut-derived endotoxins to the portal circulation and activating Kupffer cells to produce TNF-alpha through the LPS/Toll like receptor (TLR) 4 pathways. TNF-alpha induces hepatocellular damage. When alcohol intake is chronic and heavy, steatosis is caused via generation of acetaldehyde, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ER stress. ROS inhibits key hepatic transcriptional regulators such as AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), which are responsible for fatty acid oxidation and export via ACC and CPT-1. The blockade of AMPK also leads to overexpression of SREBP-1, resulting in an increase of de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, excessive intracellular ROS production induced by ethanol and its metabolite have a critical role in ethanol-induced apoptosis, which may be the critical process in the exacerbation of ALD. It is inferred that the apoptotic signal derived from ROS that was produced by NOX, is mainly transduced through the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
sara04936  Alcoholic liver disease
sara04936

Organism
Sorex araneus (European shrew) [GN:sara]
Gene
101549442  C1QA; complement C1q subcomponent subunit A [KO:K03986]
101541586  C1QB; complement C1q subcomponent subunit B [KO:K03987]
101549707  C1QC; complement C1q subcomponent subunit C [KO:K03988]
101550122  complement C4-B [KO:K03989]
101550718  C3; complement C3 [KO:K03990]
101550987  complement C3-like [KO:K03990]
101551835  C3AR1; C3a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor [KO:K04009]
101558268  C5; complement C5 [KO:K03994]
101557429  C5AR1; C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1 [KO:K04010]
101549027  uncharacterized protein LOC101549027 [KO:K05399]
101551488  CD14; monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 [KO:K04391]
101542285  LY96; lymphocyte antigen 96 [KO:K05400]
101548691  TLR4; toll-like receptor 4 [KO:K10160]
101552741  TIRAP; toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter protein [KO:K05403]
101547526  IRAK4; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 [KO:K04733] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101539504  IRAK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 [KO:K04730] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101543216  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
101547502  TAB1; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 1 [KO:K04403]
101539336  TAB2; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 2 [KO:K04404]
101546102  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101538389  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101540472  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101536840  IKBKG; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
101556810  NFKBIA; NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha [KO:K04734]
101543163  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
101549580  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
101558664  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
101550075  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
101540363  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
101539403  IL12A; interleukin-12 subunit alpha [KO:K05406]
101542768  IL12B; interleukin-12 subunit beta [KO:K05425]
101559441  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
101557102  TICAM1; TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 1 [KO:K05842]
101538970  TRAF3; TNF receptor-associated factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03174]
101552901  IKBKE; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101542553  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 isoform X2 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
101542890  IRF3; interferon regulatory factor 3 [KO:K05411]
101549593  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: interferon alpha-14 [KO:K05414]
101548268  IFNB1; interferon beta [KO:K05415]
101545474  IL17A; interleukin-17A [KO:K05489]
101548610  IL17RA; interleukin-17 receptor A [KO:K05164]
101539182  interleukin-17 receptor C [KO:K05166]
101544994  growth-regulated protein homolog [KO:K05505]
101545791  growth-regulated protein homolog gamma-like [KO:K05505]
101537769  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
101541261  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
101557571  TRADD; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
101543078  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
101539340  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
101537410  RIPK1; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101537390  TAB3; TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7-binding protein 3 [KO:K12793]
101547872  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 [KO:K07197]
101537514  FASN; fatty acid synthase [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
101539044  fatty acid synthase-like [KO:K00665] [EC:2.3.1.85]
101550416  ACACA; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
101540572  SCD5; stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 [KO:K00507] [EC:1.14.19.1]
101544988  SCD; acyl-CoA desaturase [KO:K00507] [EC:1.14.19.1]
101537645  LPIN1; phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN1 isoform X1 [KO:K15728] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101538711  LPIN2; phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN2 [KO:K15728] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101545327  LPIN3; phosphatidate phosphatase LPIN3 [KO:K15728] [EC:3.1.3.4]
101541735  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
101538704  TRA2A; transformer-2 protein homolog alpha isoform X1 [KO:K12897]
101544061  TRA2B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transformer-2 protein homolog beta [KO:K12897]
101540614  ADIPOQ; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
101559294  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 [KO:K07297]
101558973  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 [KO:K07297]
101546726  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
101542481  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101550327  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
101541971  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
101551786  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
101537509  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07200]
101556652  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
101541203  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
101557018  FOXO1; forkhead box protein O1 [KO:K07201]
101556693  FOXO3; forkhead box protein O3 isoform X1 [KO:K09408]
101537912  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
101551757  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [KO:K07294]
101556388  CPT1A; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform [KO:K08765] [EC:2.3.1.21]
101545206  ACADVL; very long-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K09479] [EC:1.3.8.9]
101545199  ACADM; medium-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00249] [EC:1.3.8.7]
101542693  ACOX1; peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 [KO:K00232] [EC:1.3.3.6]
101556292  ACOX3; peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 [KO:K00232] [EC:1.3.3.6]
101556363  FABP1; fatty acid-binding protein, liver [KO:K08750]
101554423  ADH1C; alcohol dehydrogenase 1C [KO:K13951] [EC:1.1.1.1]
101554687  ADH7; alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain [KO:K13951] [EC:1.1.1.1]
101545606  alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 [KO:K00121] [EC:1.1.1.284 1.1.1.1]
101537428  ALDH3A2; fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
101536886  ALDH1B1; aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
101550165  ALDH2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
101544910  ALDH16A1; aldehyde dehydrogenase family 16 member A1 isoform X1 [KO:K00128] [EC:1.2.1.3]
101547156  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
101548414  ALDH9A1; 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00149] [EC:1.2.1.47 1.2.1.3]
101546832  ACACB; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
101547962  CPT1B; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [KO:K19523] [EC:2.3.1.21]
101543436  CPT1C; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform [KO:K19524] [EC:2.3.1.21]
101558724  NOX4; NADPH oxidase 4 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
101543096  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101559009  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101543371  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
101536841  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
101538379  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
101540913  TCF7; transcription factor 7 [KO:K02620]
101550691  TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1 [KO:K04490]
101546297  TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04491]
101547696  LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04492]
101555422  CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
101547499  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
101542924  MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101554595  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101538553  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101556557  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101556063  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101555912  MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101542881  MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]
101536977  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101537598  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101554044  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101545321  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
101549152  MAP3K14; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Compound
C00003  NAD+
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00033  Acetate
C00040  Acyl-CoA
C00076  Calcium cation
C00083  Malonyl-CoA
C00084  Acetaldehyde
C00469  Ethanol
C22381  Reactive oxygen species
Reference
PMID:25782093
  Authors
Louvet A, Mathurin P
  Title
Alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment.
  Journal
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:231-42 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/nrgastro.2015.35
Reference
PMID:21920463
  Authors
Gao B, Bataller R
  Title
Alcoholic liver disease: pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 141:1572-85 (2011)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.09.002
Reference
PMID:28134813
  Authors
Magdaleno F, Blajszczak CC, Nieto N
  Title
Key Events Participating in the Pathogenesis of Alcoholic Liver Disease.
  Journal
Biomolecules 7:E9 (2017)
DOI:10.3390/biom7010009
Reference
PMID:19553649
  Authors
Lucey MR, Mathurin P, Morgan TR
  Title
Alcoholic hepatitis.
  Journal
N Engl J Med 360:2758-69 (2009)
DOI:10.1056/NEJMra0805786
Reference
PMID:26919968
  Authors
Nagy LE, Ding WX, Cresci G, Saikia P, Shah VH
  Title
Linking Pathogenic Mechanisms of Alcoholic Liver Disease With Clinical Phenotypes.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 150:1756-68 (2016)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.035
Reference
PMID:25009376
  Authors
Fujii H, Kawada N
  Title
Fibrogenesis in alcoholic liver disease.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 20:8048-54 (2014)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i25.8048
Reference
PMID:26755857
  Authors
Kim MS, Ong M, Qu X
  Title
Optimal management for alcoholic liver disease: Conventional medications, natural therapy or combination?
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 22:8-23 (2016)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v22.i1.8
Reference
PMID:15194557
  Authors
You M, Crabb DW
  Title
Recent advances in alcoholic liver disease II. Minireview: molecular mechanisms of alcoholic fatty liver.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287:G1-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00056.2004
Reference
PMID:26695748
  Authors
Nagy LE
  Title
The Role of Innate Immunity in Alcoholic Liver Disease.
  Journal
Alcohol Res 37:237-50 (2015)
Reference
PMID:21252049
  Authors
Gao B, Seki E, Brenner DA, Friedman S, Cohen JI, Nagy L, Szabo G, Zakhari S
  Title
Innate immunity in alcoholic liver disease.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 300:G516-25 (2011)
DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00537.2010
Reference
PMID:22524187
  Authors
Wang HJ, Gao B, Zakhari S, Nagy LE
  Title
Inflammation in alcoholic liver disease.
  Journal
Annu Rev Nutr 32:343-68 (2012)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-nutr-072610-145138
Reference
PMID:29597356
  Authors
McCullough RL, McMullen MR, Sheehan MM, Poulsen KL, Roychowdhury S, Chiang DJ, Pritchard MT, Caballeria J, Nagy LE
  Title
Complement Factor D protects mice from ethanol-induced inflammation and liver injury.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 315:G66-G79 (2018)
DOI:10.1152/ajpgi.00334.2017
Reference
PMID:24385684
  Authors
Kawaratani H, Tsujimoto T, Douhara A, Takaya H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Noguchi R, Yoshiji H, Fujimoto M, Fukui H
  Title
The effect of inflammatory cytokines in alcoholic liver disease.
  Journal
Mediators Inflamm 2013:495156 (2013)
DOI:10.1155/2013/495156
Reference
PMID:20238398
  Authors
Szabo G, Bala S
  Title
Alcoholic liver disease and the gut-liver axis.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 16:1321-9 (2010)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v16.i11.1321
Reference
PMID:28627645
  Authors
Kawaratani H, Moriya K, Namisaki T, Uejima M, Kitade M, Takeda K, Okura Y, Kaji K, Takaya H, Nishimura N, Sato S, Sawada Y, Seki K, Kubo T, Mitoro A, Yamao J, Yoshiji H
  Title
Therapeutic strategies for alcoholic liver disease: Focusing on inflammation and fibrosis (Review).
  Journal
Int J Mol Med 40:263-270 (2017)
DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2017.3015
Reference
PMID:23855294
  Authors
Roh YS, Seki E
  Title
Toll-like receptors in alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and carcinogenesis.
  Journal
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28 Suppl 1:38-42 (2013)
DOI:10.1111/jgh.12019
Reference
PMID:18709650
  Authors
Rogers CQ, Ajmo JM, You M
  Title
Adiponectin and alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
IUBMB Life 60:790-7 (2008)
DOI:10.1002/iub.124
Reference
PMID:26278388
  Authors
You M, Jogasuria A, Lee K, Wu J, Zhang Y, Lee YK, Sadana P
  Title
Signal Transduction Mechanisms of Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Emer ging Role of Lipin-1.
  Journal
Curr Mol Pharmacol 10:226-236 (2017)
DOI:10.2174/1874467208666150817112109
Reference
PMID:26005675
  Authors
You M, Jogasuria A, Taylor C, Wu J
  Title
Sirtuin 1 signaling and alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 4:88-100 (2015)
DOI:10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.12.06
Reference
PMID:33162823
  Authors
Ren R, Wang Z, Wu M, Wang H
  Title
Emerging Roles of SIRT1 in Alcoholic Liver Disease.
  Journal
Int J Biol Sci 16:3174-3183 (2020)
DOI:10.7150/ijbs.49535
Reference
PMID:19032584
  Authors
Purohit V, Gao B, Song BJ
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of alcoholic fatty liver.
  Journal
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 33:191-205 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00827.x
Reference
PMID:34071962
  Authors
Hyun J, Han J, Lee C, Yoon M, Jung Y
  Title
Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver.
  Journal
Int J Mol Sci 22:5717 (2021)
DOI:10.3390/ijms22115717
Reference
PMID:24297186
  Authors
Combs TP, Marliss EB
  Title
Adiponectin signaling in the liver.
  Journal
Rev Endocr Metab Disord 15:137-47 (2014)
DOI:10.1007/s11154-013-9280-6
Reference
PMID:25548474
  Authors
Ceni E, Mello T, Galli A
  Title
Pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease: role of oxidative metabolism.
  Journal
World J Gastroenterol 20:17756-72 (2014)
DOI:10.3748/wjg.v20.i47.17756
Reference
PMID:31159489
  Authors
Kong LZ, Chandimali N, Han YH, Lee DH, Kim JS, Kim SU, Kim TD, Jeong DK, Sun HN, Lee DS, Kwon T
  Title
Pathogenesis, Early Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Management of Alcoholic Liver Disease.
  Journal
Int J Mol Sci 20:E2712 (2019)
DOI:10.3390/ijms20112712
Reference
PMID:31214376
  Authors
Ohashi K, Pimienta M, Seki E
  Title
Alcoholic liver disease: A current molecular and clinical perspective.
  Journal
Liver Res 2:161-172 (2018)
DOI:10.1016/j.livres.2018.11.002
Reference
PMID:30658725
  Authors
You M, Arteel GE
  Title
Effect of ethanol on lipid metabolism.
  Journal
J Hepatol 70:237-248 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2018.10.037
Reference
PMID:25595739
  Authors
Bi L, Jiang Z, Zhou J
  Title
The role of lipin-1 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver.
  Journal
Alcohol Alcohol 50:146-51 (2015)
DOI:10.1093/alcalc/agu102
Reference
PMID:31263795
  Authors
Ali H, Assiri MA, Shearn CT, Fritz KS
  Title
Lipid peroxidation derived reactive aldehydes in alcoholic liver disease.
  Journal
Curr Opin Toxicol 13:110-117 (2019)
DOI:10.1016/j.cotox.2018.10.003
Reference
PMID:24262277
  Authors
Yin H, Hu M, Liang X, Ajmo JM, Li X, Bataller R, Odena G, Stevens SM Jr, You M
  Title
Deletion of SIRT1 from hepatocytes in mice disrupts lipin-1 signaling and aggravates alcoholic fatty liver.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 146:801-11 (2014)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.11.008
Reference
PMID:22110053
  Authors
Stickel F, Hampe J
  Title
Genetic determinants of alcoholic liver disease.
  Journal
Gut 61:150-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-301239
Reference
PMID:29336467
  Authors
Yang CF, Zhong YJ, Ma Z, Li L, Shi L, Chen L, Li C, Wu D, Chen Q, Li YW
  Title
NOX4/ROS mediate ethanolinduced apoptosis via MAPK signal pathway in L02 cells.
  Journal
Int J Mol Med 41:2306-2316 (2018)
DOI:10.3892/ijmm.2018.3390
Related
pathway
sara00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
sara00071  Fatty acid degradation
sara01040  Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids
sara03040  Spliceosome
sara04010  MAPK signaling pathway
sara04064  NF-kappa B signaling pathway
sara04152  AMPK signaling pathway
sara04210  Apoptosis
sara04310  Wnt signaling pathway
sara04610  Complement and coagulation cascades
sara04620  Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
sara04657  IL-17 signaling pathway
sara04668  TNF signaling pathway
sara04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
sara05034  Alcoholism
sara05225  Hepatocellular carcinoma
KO pathway
ko04936   
LinkDB

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