KEGG   PATHWAY: bta04140
Entry
bta04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Bos taurus (cow)
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
bta04140  Autophagy - animal
bta04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Bos taurus (cow) [GN:bta]
Gene
100125881  RAB8A; ras-related protein Rab-8A [KO:K07901]
100137872  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100138102  PDPK1; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100139219  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100296883  IGBP1; immunoglobulin-binding protein 1 [KO:K17606]
100298939  HRAS; GTPase HRas isoform 1 [KO:K02833]
100300012  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
100337329  STK11; serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11 isoform X1 [KO:K07298] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100847184  [KO:K02833]
100847722  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
101905399  [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
107131843  IRS3; insulin receptor substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17445]
112442685  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 isoform X2 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
132344841  [KO:K02977]
280829  INS; insulin preproprotein [KO:K04526]
280991  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
281020  BCL2; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
281105  CTSB; cathepsin B precursor [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
281108  CTSV; cathepsin L2 precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
281370  UBB; polyubiquitin-B [KO:K08770]
281814  HIF1A; hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha [KO:K08268]
281848  IGF1R; insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor precursor [KO:K05087] [EC:2.7.10.1]
281897  LAMP1; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 precursor [KO:K06528]
281942  CALCOCO2; calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K21348]
282152  BCL2L1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
282306  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
282307  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
282308  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
282320  PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
282322  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282323  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
282531  GABARAPL2; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2 [KO:K08341]
282691  HMGB1; high mobility group protein B1 [KO:K10802]
282883  CTSD; cathepsin D precursor [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
286839  RPS27A; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eS31 fusion protein [KO:K02977]
286865  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
317697  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
327672  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
327694  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
327715  GABARAP; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
338045  SQSTM1; sequestosome-1 [KO:K14381]
338472  GABARAPL1; gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 1 [KO:K08341]
404181  RPS6KB1; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
408001  MAP1LC3B; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B [KO:K10435]
408002  ATG4B; cysteine protease ATG4B [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
408003  ATG4A; cysteine protease ATG4A [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
444874  UBC; polyubiquitin-C [KO:K08770]
497199  CFLAR; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator [KO:K04724]
504531  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
504985  TSC2; tuberin isoform X9 [KO:K07207]
505361  VPS16; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog [KO:K20180]
505708  PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]
505901  PRKCQ; protein kinase C theta type [KO:K18052] [EC:2.7.11.13]
506083  RPS6KB2; ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
506232  WDR45B; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 3 [KO:K22991]
506309  C9orf72; guanine nucleotide exchange factor C9orf72 homolog [KO:K23609]
506322  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
506754  RRAGB; ras-related GTP-binding protein B [KO:K16185]
506862  ATG9B; autophagy-related protein 9B [KO:K17907]
507031  STX7; syntaxin-7 [KO:K08488]
507056  RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR [KO:K07204]
507309  VAMP8; vesicle-associated membrane protein 8 [KO:K08512]
507340  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 [KO:K08331]
507409  YKT6; synaptobrevin homolog YKT6 [KO:K08516]
507414  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
507432  MAP1LC3C; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3C [KO:K10435]
507930  [KO:K16186]
508354  RUBCN; run domain Beclin-1-interacting and cysteine-rich domain-containing protein [KO:K19330]
508571  ATG3; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG3 [KO:K08343]
508631  VMP1; vacuole membrane protein 1 [KO:K21248]
509084  CAMKK2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K07359] [EC:2.7.11.17]
509587  ATG16L1; autophagy-related protein 16-1 [KO:K17890]
509970  RAB7A; ras-related protein Rab-7a [KO:K07897]
510197  VPS33A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A [KO:K20182]
510434  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
511036  ATG16L2; protein Atg16l2 [KO:K20868]
511340  TP53INP2; tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21247]
512685  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
512786  PRAP1; proline-rich acidic protein 1 [KO:K21250]
513049  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
513771  GORASP2; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 2 [KO:K26797]
513829  EIF2AK4; eIF-2-alpha kinase GCN2 isoform X2 [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
514547  MAP1LC3A; microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3A [KO:K10435]
514596  MTMR14; myotubularin-related protein 14 [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
514607  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
514859  AKT1S1; proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 [KO:K16184]
514919  WDR41; WD repeat-containing protein 41 [KO:K23610]
515032  NBR1; next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein [KO:K17987]
515200  CTSL; procathepsin L precursor [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
517263  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 [KO:K17985]
517948  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
518781  VPS18; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog [KO:K20181]
519269  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
519961  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
519982  RAB33B; ras-related protein Rab-33B [KO:K07920]
520990  VPS39; vam6/Vps39-like protein [KO:K20183]
521196  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
523424  PLEKHM1; pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K23282]
524361  PPP2CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
525506  DAPK3; death-associated protein kinase 3 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
526310  ULK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
527278  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
528204  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
528410  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 [KO:K17908]
528654  VPS41; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog [KO:K20184]
529131  DAPK2; death-associated protein kinase 2 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
529146  MAP3K7; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
529148  LAMP2; lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2 isoform 2 precursor [KO:K06528]
529235  DDIT4; DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein [KO:K08270]
529808  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A [KO:K17906]
529859  EPG5; ectopic P granules protein 5 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K23883]
531391  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
531455  ATG4C; cysteine protease ATG4C [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
532261  SNAP29; synaptosomal-associated protein 29 [KO:K08509]
532686  ATG5; autophagy protein 5 [KO:K08339]
533141  TBK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1 [KO:K05410] [EC:2.7.11.10]
533199  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
533440  TSC1; hamartin isoform X1 [KO:K07206]
533918  SH3GLB1; endophilin-B1 [KO:K11248]
534125  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
534126  SUPT20H; transcription factor SPT20 homolog [KO:K21245]
534150  OPTN; optineurin [KO:K19946]
534155  [KO:K17606]
534211  BIRC6; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
534304  STX17; syntaxin-17 [KO:K08491]
534815  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
534923  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
535099  MTMR3; myotubularin-related protein 3 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
535236  MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 [KO:K08266]
535589  TAX1BP1; tax1-binding protein 1 homolog [KO:K21347]
535820  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 precursor [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
537096  WDFY3; WD repeat and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K22262]
537560  RAB39B; ras-related protein Rab-39B [KO:K07925]
537631  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform 2 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
537916  ZFYVE1; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K17603]
538050  RAB7B; ras-related protein Rab-7b [KO:K07898]
538598  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
538831  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator [KO:K17889]
538954  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
539009  [KO:K16185]
539124  TRAF6; TNF receptor-associated factor 6 [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
539190  WDR45; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 4 [KO:K22991]
539513  TANK; TRAF family member-associated NF-kappa-B activator [KO:K12650]
539858  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 [KO:K17589]
539941  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
540381  VPS11; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog [KO:K20179]
540404  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
540482  ATG9A; autophagy-related protein 9A [KO:K17907]
540786  PTEN; phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 3-phosphatase and dual-specificity protein phosphatase PTEN [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
540803  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
540873  DAPK1; death-associated protein kinase 1 [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
541106  RRAGD; ras-related GTP-binding protein D [KO:K16186]
541140  KRAS; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
613757  GORASP1; Golgi reassembly-stacking protein 1 [KO:K26797]
614285  UVRAG; UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein [KO:K21249]
614531  [KO:K16185]
615013  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
615199  UBA52; ubiquitin-ribosomal protein eL40 fusion protein [KO:K02927]
615342  BNIP3; BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3 [KO:K15464]
615657  ATG4D; cysteine protease ATG4D [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
616503  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
617367  RRAGC; ras-related GTP-binding protein C [KO:K16186]
617606  DEPTOR; DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein [KO:K20402]
618207  RRAGA; ras-related GTP-binding protein A [KO:K16185]
618601  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 isoform X1 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
767903  ATG12; ubiquitin-like protein ATG12 [KO:K08336]
768316  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
781661  SMCR8; guanine nucleotide exchange protein SMCR8 [KO:K23611]
782032  [KO:K03175] [EC:2.3.2.27]
782743  MTMR4; myotubularin-related protein 4 [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
784843  [KO:K02927]
787344  ATG10; ubiquitin-like-conjugating enzyme ATG10 [KO:K17888]
787967  ATG7; ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7 isoform 2 [KO:K08337]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
bta04010  MAPK signaling pathway
bta04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
bta04142  Lysosome biogenesis
bta04150  mTOR signaling pathway
bta04152  AMPK signaling pathway
bta04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   

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