KEGG   PATHWAY: hhip04210
Entry
hhip04210                   Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
hhip04210  Apoptosis
hhip04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut) [GN:hhip]
Gene
117751799  rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
117752065  tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 [KO:K04451]
117752269  badb; BCL2 associated agonist of cell death b [KO:K02158]
117752515  [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117752542  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117752570  casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
117752713  birc5a; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5a [KO:K08731]
117753178  [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
117753368  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117753842  tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
117754422  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
117754423  [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
117754538  ctsh; pro-cathepsin H isoform X1 [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
117754691  [KO:K07374]
117754692  [KO:K07374]
117754694  [KO:K07374]
117754734  [KO:K08738]
117754777  [KO:K04724]
117755099  casp10; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
117755231  [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
117755592  [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
117755641  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117755644  nfkbiab; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha b [KO:K04734]
117755691  [KO:K04402]
117755806  [KO:K07374]
117756127  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117756184  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117756185  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117756372  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117756449  [KO:K04721]
117756532  ctsba; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
117756645  fosaa; proto-oncogene c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
117757252  apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
117757377  tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
117758218  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
117758243  [KO:K04379]
117758245  fosab; v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab [KO:K04379]
117758268  parp1; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K24070]
117758302  map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117758411  [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
117758841  [KO:K04734]
117759155  ctsd; cathepsin D isoform X1 [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117759410  atf4a; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
117759419  lmnl3; lamin L3 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
117759448  zgc:153993; apoptosis regulator BAX [KO:K02159]
117759449  fadd; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
117759678  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117760130  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
117760139  jun; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
117760140  faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
117760435  cts12; cathepsin L1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117760503  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117760569  gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402]
117760625  [KO:K02649]
117760632  [KO:K07374]
117760651  [KO:K04402]
117760766  lmnb2; lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
117760944  ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein isoform X1 [KO:K04452]
117761064  ngfb; nerve growth factor [KO:K02582]
117761095  [KO:K04570]
117761194  ctsz; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
117761804  parp3; protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.-]
117761880  [KO:K04958]
117762136  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
117762911  pidd1; p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K10130]
117762987  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
117763104  map2k1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
117763260  bida; BH3 interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
117763343  itpr2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
117763573  [KO:K02833]
117763874  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117763891  capn2l; calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit, like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117763907  capn8; calpain-8 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117763923  [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117764022  ngfa; neurotrophin-7 [KO:K02582]
117764087  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117764199  tuba5; tubulin alpha 5 [KO:K07374]
117764343  [KO:K07374]
117764395  dffa; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
117764436  dffb; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
117764610  casp9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
117764635  itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
117764657  [KO:K07374]
117764658  [KO:K07374]
117764659  [KO:K07374]
117764692  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117765022  birc5b; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5b [KO:K08731]
117765073  bcl2l1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
117765330  raf1a; raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117765388  ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
117766015  prf1.3; perforin-1.3 [KO:K07818]
117766264  actb2; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
117766558  csf2rb; cytokine receptor common subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04738]
117766567  atf4b; activating transcription factor 4b [KO:K04374]
117766568  napsa; napsin-A [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
117766590  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
117766747  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117766775  zgc:55558; GTPase HRas [KO:K07827]
117766835  [KO:K07818]
117766836  [KO:K07818]
117766953  [KO:K02159]
117766955  map3k14a; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117767372  [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
117767403  endog; endonuclease G, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01173]
117767714  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
117767837  traf2a; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117767997  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117768053  dab2ipa; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
117768105  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
117768221  gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402]
117768381  [KO:K02649]
117768382  [KO:K05692]
117768383  [KO:K05692]
117768384  [KO:K05692]
117768433  prf1.5; perforin 1.5 isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
117768556  hdr; hematopoietic death receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
117768557  [KO:K04722]
117768859  [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
117768955  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
117768956  [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
117769083  xiap; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117769183  nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
117769239  [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
117769257  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117769537  ctso; cathepsin O isoform X1 [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
117769667  cd40lg; CD40 ligand isoform X1 [KO:K04389]
117769871  ctsf; cathepsin F [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
117770236  [KO:K12641]
117770319  [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
117770320  [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
117770321  [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
117770449  actb1; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
117770486  casp3a; caspase-3a [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
117770842  [KO:K08738]
117770929  daxx; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
117771243  traf2b; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117771255  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
117771259  [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
117771290  sptan1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
117771428  [KO:K04448]
117771429  [KO:K04448]
117771455  dab2ipb; DAB2 interacting protein b isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
117771545  tnfrsfa; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member a [KO:K04722]
117771641  [KO:K07374]
117771902  lmnb1; lamin-B1 [KO:K07611]
117772062  [KO:K04402]
117772065  [KO:K04402]
117772224  ptpn13; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 [KO:K02374]
117772227  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117772327  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117772513  sept4b; septin 4b isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
117772580  atm; serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117772752  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117773121  [KO:K10522]
117773206  ctsc; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
117773228  [KO:K10522]
117773997  [KO:K07374]
117774164  birc2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 [KO:K16060]
117774402  [KO:K16943]
117774515  [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117774558  aifm1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
117774668  [KO:K07374]
117774803  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117775126  [KO:K08738]
117775231  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117775348  fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
117775575  [KO:K07374]
117775632  [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117775780  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
117775975  [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
117776037  [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117776052  [KO:K16341]
117776079  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117776080  [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
117776253  ntrk1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
117776259  [KO:K12641]
117776444  ctss2.1; cathepsin S, ortholog2, tandem duplicate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
117776445  ctsk; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
117776756  tuba8l2; tubulin, alpha 8 like 2 [KO:K07374]
117776801  casp2; caspase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
117776812  tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
117776971  mcl1b; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1b [KO:K02539]
117777181  [KO:K07374]
117777402  si:ch211-1i11.3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
117777657  [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
117777997  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
117778034  [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
117778078  casp8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
117778159  [KO:K02649]
117778239  [KO:K04448]
117778299  [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
117778363  ripk1l; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
117778459  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
117778664  gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a [KO:K04402]
117778810  parp2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K28005]
117778878  [KO:K07374]
117779098  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117779099  [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
117779227  zgc:158659; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2004.tb00468.x
Reference
PMID:9894605
  Authors
Stroh C, Schulze-Osthoff K
  Title
Death by a thousand cuts: an ever increasing list of caspase substrates.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 5:997-1000 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400451
Reference
PMID:23070002
  Authors
Safa AR
  Title
c-FLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator.
  Journal
Exp Oncol 34:176-84 (2012)
Reference
PMID:18304445
  Authors
Jeong SY, Seol DW
  Title
The role of mitochondria in apoptosis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 41:11-22 (2008)
DOI:10.5483/bmbrep.2008.41.1.011
Reference
PMID:20533903
  Authors
Parsons MJ, Green DR
  Title
Mitochondria in cell death.
  Journal
Essays Biochem 47:99-114 (2010)
DOI:10.1042/bse0470099
Reference
PMID:15719025
  Authors
Strasser A
  Title
The role of BH3-only proteins in the immune system.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 5:189-200 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nri1568
Reference
PMID:24278747
  Authors
Schonthal AH
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: its role in disease and novel prospects for therapy.
  Journal
Scientifica (Cairo) 2012:857516 (2012)
DOI:10.6064/2012/857516
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18023214
  Authors
Malhotra JD, Kaufman RJ
  Title
The endoplasmic reticulum and the unfolded protein response.
  Journal
Semin Cell Dev Biol 18:716-31 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.09.003
Reference
PMID:16397578
  Authors
Wu J, Kaufman RJ
  Title
From acute ER stress to physiological roles of the Unfolded Protein Response.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 13:374-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401840
Reference
PMID:21914490
  Authors
Repnik U, Stoka V, Turk V, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomes and lysosomal cathepsins in cell death.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1824:22-33 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.016
Reference
PMID:22465226
  Authors
Cesen MH, Pegan K, Spes A, Turk B
  Title
Lysosomal pathways to cell death and their therapeutic applications.
  Journal
Exp Cell Res 318:1245-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.005
Reference
PMID:26231733
  Authors
Dashzeveg N, Yoshida K
  Title
Cell death decision by p53 via control of the mitochondrial membrane.
  Journal
Cancer Lett 367:108-12 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.canlet.2015.07.019
Reference
PMID:22075987
  Authors
Bouchier-Hayes L, Green DR
  Title
Caspase-2: the orphan caspase.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 19:51-7 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2011.157
Reference
PMID:18238895
  Authors
Baptiste-Okoh N, Barsotti AM, Prives C
  Title
A role for caspase 2 and PIDD in the process of p53-mediated apoptosis.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:1937-42 (2008)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0711800105
Reference
PMID:12949498
  Authors
Aggarwal BB
  Title
Signalling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 3:745-56 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nri1184
Reference
PMID:14737178
  Authors
Steelman LS, Pohnert SC, Shelton JG, Franklin RA, Bertrand FE, McCubrey JA.
  Title
JAK/STAT, Raf/MEK/ERK, PI3K/Akt and BCR-ABL in cell cycle progression and leukemogenesis.
  Journal
Leukemia 18:189-218 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/sj.leu.2403241
Reference
PMID:9916983
  Authors
Dragovich T, Rudin CM, Thompson CB
  Title
Signal transduction pathways that regulate cell survival and cell death.
  Journal
Oncogene 17:3207-13 (1998)
DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1202587
Reference
PMID:11520933
  Authors
Sofroniew MV, Howe CL, Mobley WC
  Title
Nerve growth factor signaling, neuroprotection, and neural repair.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 24:1217-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.24.1.1217
Reference
PMID:24769728
  Authors
Kristiansen M, Ham J
  Title
Programmed cell death during neuronal development: the sympathetic neuron model.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 21:1025-35 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.47
Reference
PMID:18208375
  Authors
Logue SE, Martin SJ
  Title
Caspase activation cascades in apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochem Soc Trans 36:1-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1042/BST0360001
Reference
PMID:19770840
  Authors
Boivin WA, Cooper DM, Hiebert PR, Granville DJ
  Title
Intracellular versus extracellular granzyme B in immunity and disease: challenging the dogma.
  Journal
Lab Invest 89:1195-220 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/labinvest.2009.91
Reference
PMID:20075940
  Authors
Cullen SP, Brunet M, Martin SJ
  Title
Granzymes in cancer and immunity.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 17:616-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2009.206
Reference
PMID:36652128
  Authors
Liu K, Lan D, Li C, Liu S, Dai X, Song T, Wang X, Kong Q, He Z, Tan J, Zhang J
  Title
A double-edged sword: role of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) in tumorigenesis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
  Journal
Apoptosis 28:313-325 (2023)
DOI:10.1007/s10495-022-01802-4
Related
pathway
hhip04010  MAPK signaling pathway
hhip04020  Calcium signaling pathway
hhip04115  p53 signaling pathway
hhip04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   

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