KEGG   PATHWAY: mamb04210
Entry
mamb04210                   Pathway                                
Name
Apoptosis - Megalobrama amblycephala (Wuchang bream)
Description
Apoptosis is a genetically programmed process for the elimination of damaged or redundant cells by activation of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases). The onset of apoptosis is controlled by numerous interrelating processes. The 'extrinsic' pathway involves stimulation of members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor subfamily, such as TNFRI, CD95/Fas or TRAILR (death receptors), located at the cell surface, by their specific ligands, such as TNF-alpha, FasL or TRAIL, respectively. The 'intrinsic' pathway is activated mainly by non-receptor stimuli, such as DNA damage, ER stress, metabolic stress, UV radiation or growth-factor deprivation. The central event in the 'intrinsic' pathway is the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP), which leads to the release of cytochrome c. These two pathways converge at the level of effector caspases, such as caspase-3 and caspase-7. The third major pathway is initiated by the constituents of cytotoxic granules (e.g. Perforin and Granzyme B) that are released by CTLs (cytotoxic T-cells) and NK (natural killer) cells. Granzyme B, similarly to the caspases, cleaves its substrates after aspartic acid residues, suggesting that this protease has the ability to activate members of the caspase family directly. It is the balance between the pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals that eventually determines whether cells will undergo apoptosis, survive or proliferate. TNF family of ligands activates anti-apoptotic or cell-survival signals as well as apoptotic signals. NGF and Interleukin-3 promotes the survival, proliferation and differentiation of neurons or hematopoietic cells, respectively. Withdrawal of these growth factors leads to cell death, as described above.
Class
Cellular Processes; Cell growth and death
Pathway map
mamb04210  Apoptosis
mamb04210

Other DBs
GO: 0006915
Organism
Megalobrama amblycephala (Wuchang bream) [GN:mamb]
Gene
125258532  tnfsf10; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 [KO:K04721]
125266562  tnfsf10l4; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 10 like 4 [KO:K04721]
125266505  hdr; hematopoietic death receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04722]
125279072  faslg; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
125268751  fas; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
125265402  fadd; protein FADD [KO:K02373]
125274751  tnfa; tumor necrosis factor a (TNF superfamily, member 2) [KO:K03156]
125244232  tnfrsf1a; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
125264677  tradd; tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein [KO:K03171]
125257039  cflara; CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator a [KO:K04724]
125269848  CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator isoform X1 [KO:K04724]
125266561  casp22; caspase-22 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
125274320  casp8l1; caspase 8, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase, like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
125274321  caspase-8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
125268421  caspase-8-like isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
125269841  casp10; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
125277852  caspase-6-like [KO:K04396] [EC:3.4.22.59]
125272552  casp3a; caspase-3a [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
125266884  casp3b; caspase-3b [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
125253569  casp21; caspase 21, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase isoform X1 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
125255638  casp7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
125254700  bida; BH3 interacting domain death agonist [KO:K04726]
125272083  baxa; BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator a [KO:K02159]
125265753  zgc:153993; apoptosis regulator BAX isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
125277032  baxb; BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator b isoform X1 [KO:K02159]
125252548  diablob; diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein b [KO:K10522]
125248934  diabloa; diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein a isoform X1 [KO:K10522]
125253257  septin4a; septin 4a isoform X1 [KO:K16943]
125248103  septin4b; septin 4b [KO:K16943]
125276591  serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K08669] [EC:3.4.21.108]
125274371  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
125275401  cytochrome c iso-1/iso-2-like [KO:K08738]
125244334  apaf1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084]
125259921  casp9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
125280621  prf1.5; perforin 1.5 [KO:K07818]
125274686  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
125275152  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
125275154  perforin-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
125275155  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
125275156  perforin-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K07818]
125275767  prf1.3; perforin-1.3 [KO:K07818]
125276071  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
125276286  perforin-1-like [KO:K07818]
125276569  prf1.9; perforin 1.9 [KO:K07818]
125276605  prf1.1; perforin-1.1 [KO:K07818]
125270379  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
125270382  granzyme B-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
125270384  granzyme B(G,H)-like [KO:K01353] [EC:3.4.21.79]
125270112  tubulin alpha chain-like [KO:K07374]
125262398  tuba7l; tubulin, alpha 7 like [KO:K07374]
125279738  tuba5; tubulin alpha 5 [KO:K07374]
125259547  tubulin alpha-1B chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
125259548  tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
125272858  tuba8l2; tubulin, alpha 8 like 2 [KO:K07374]
125274156  tuba8l4; tubulin, alpha 8 like 4 [KO:K07374]
125274157  si:ch211-114n24.6; tubulin alpha-1A chain [KO:K07374]
125256467  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
125256468  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
125275998  mcl1a; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1a [KO:K02539]
125272709  actb1; actin, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K05692]
125269543  actb2; actin, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K05692]
125252171  sptan1; spectrin alpha chain, non-erythrocytic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06114]
125243925  lmna; lamin [KO:K12641]
125263179  lmnb2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: lamin-B2 [KO:K07611]
125255366  lmnb1; lamin-B1 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
125259881  lmnl3; lamin L3 isoform X1 [KO:K07611]
125278426  poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1-like [KO:K24070] [EC:2.4.2.30]
125270552  protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4-like isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
125270553  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4-like [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
125273830  parp3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP3 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
125251659  parp2; poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10798] [EC:2.4.2.30]
125260775  dffa; DNA fragmentation factor subunit alpha [KO:K02310]
125279548  dffb; DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta [KO:K02311] [EC:3.-.-.-]
125280029  endog; endonuclease G, mitochondrial [KO:K01173]
125275915  uncharacterized protein LOC125275915 [KO:K01173]
125261344  uncharacterized protein LOC125261344 [KO:K01173]
125266557  aifm1; apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K04727] [EC:1.-.-.-]
125272725  ern2; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
125268551  ern1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
125266535  traf2a; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
125266915  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
125267992  traf2b; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
125273734  itpr1a; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
125256994  itpr1b; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
125254454  itpr2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
125279368  itpr3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960]
125263730  capn1b; calpain-1 catalytic subunit b [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
125252746  si:dkeyp-50d11.2; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
125265358  capn1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
125276706  capn1a; calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit a [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
125269037  calpain-1 catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
125269039  si:ch211-202f3.3; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
125263723  capn2l; calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit, like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125263724  capn8; calpain-8 [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125263725  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125263726  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125263728  calpain-2 catalytic subunit-like [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125263731  capn2b; calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit b [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125276707  capn2a; calpain 2, (m/II) large subunit a [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
125276576  eif2ak3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125278535  eif2s1b; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1b [KO:K03237]
125269110  eif2s1a; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1a [KO:K03237]
125273291  atf4b; activating transcription factor 4b [KO:K04374]
125274434  atf4a; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
125273397  ddit3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
125278586  ctsbb; cathepsin Bb [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
125269076  ctsba; cathepsin B [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
125248615  ctsc; dipeptidyl peptidase 1 [KO:K01275] [EC:3.4.14.1]
125273711  napsa; napsin-A [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
125254203  ctsd; cathepsin D [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
125258702  ctsf; cathepsin F isoform X1 [KO:K01373] [EC:3.4.22.41]
125254127  ctsh; pro-cathepsin H [KO:K01366] [EC:3.4.22.16]
125243547  ctsk; cathepsin K [KO:K01371] [EC:3.4.22.38]
125262653  cts12; procathepsin L [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125266637  ctsll; cathepsin L, like [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125267434  ctsla; cathepsin La [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125269134  ctsl.1; cathepsin L.1 [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
125259100  ctso; cathepsin O [KO:K01374] [EC:3.4.22.42]
125243015  ctss2.1; cathepsin S, ortholog2, tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
125243016  cathepsin S-like [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
125275994  ctss1; cathepsin S, ortholog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01368] [EC:3.4.22.27]
125273561  ctsz; cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
125251387  cathepsin Z [KO:K08568] [EC:3.4.18.1]
125253483  birc2; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16060]
125259069  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP isoform X1 [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
125255063  birc5a; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5a [KO:K08731]
125260700  birc5b; baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5b [KO:K08731]
125276433  bcl2l11; bcl-2-like protein 11 [KO:K16341]
125260779  bcl2l1; bcl-2-like protein 1 [KO:K04570]
125258583  bcl2a; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2a isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
125251012  bcl2b; apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02161]
125275682  daxx; death domain-associated protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02308]
125250625  ripk1l; receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02861] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125279331  dab2ipa; disabled homolog 2-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
125267149  dab2ipb; DAB2 interacting protein b isoform X1 [KO:K19901]
125242985  si:ch211-1i11.3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
125278830  map3k5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
125252240  mapk9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125252441  mapk10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125255077  mapk8b; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125277047  mapk8a; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125252459  bada; uncharacterized protein bada [KO:K02158]
125264027  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bcl2-associated agonist of cell death-like [KO:K02158]
125264575  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death-like [KO:K02158]
125279071  jun; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
125266201  june; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: junE proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit [KO:K04448]
125278491  fosab; v-fos FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog Ab [KO:K04379]
125278492  si:ch211-153j24.3; protein c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
125268283  fosaa; protein c-Fos isoform X1 [KO:K04379]
125265599  cellular tumor antigen p53-like [KO:K04451]
125266618  tp53; cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform X1 [KO:K04451]
125258494  uncharacterized protein LOC125258494 isoform X1 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
125272060  map3k14a; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04466] [EC:2.7.11.25]
125276913  chuk; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
125279685  ikbkb; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
125260117  ikbkg; NF-kappa-B essential modulator isoform X1 [KO:K07210]
125279050  nfkbiaa; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha a [KO:K04734]
125268577  nfkbiab; nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha b [KO:K04734]
125259295  nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
125264241  rela; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
125253126  ptpn13; tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 isoform X1 [KO:K02374]
125279667  gadd45ga; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, gamma a [KO:K04402]
125253299  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma-like [KO:K04402]
125273851  gadd45ab; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, b [KO:K04402]
125251021  gadd45aa; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, alpha, a [KO:K04402]
125256835  gadd45ba; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta a [KO:K04402]
125251371  gadd45bb; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible, beta b [KO:K04402]
125253301  growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein GADD45 gamma [KO:K04402]
125280000  traf1; TNF receptor-associated factor 1 [KO:K03172]
125248362  atm; serine-protein kinase ATM [KO:K04728] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125246843  pidd1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: p53-induced death domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K10130]
125257284  pmaip1; phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1 [KO:K10131]
125244106  casp2; caspase-2 isoform X1 [KO:K02186] [EC:3.4.22.55]
125273541  ngfb; nerve growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K02582]
125260099  ngfa; neurotrophin-7 [KO:K02582]
125242834  ntrk1; high affinity nerve growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K03176] [EC:2.7.10.1]
125253599  uncharacterized protein LOC125253599 [KO:K04738]
125273329  csf2rb; cytokine receptor common subunit beta [KO:K04738]
125248809  pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125256148  pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125259868  zgc:158659; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125259888  pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
125273996  pik3r3b; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3b (gamma) isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
125267879  pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
125250735  pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
125250270  pik3r3a; phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 3a (gamma) [KO:K02649]
125270192  pdpk1a; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1a [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125257763  pdpk1b; 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125262568  akt2l; v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2, like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125278141  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125271808  akt3b; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125253756  akt2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125269260  akt1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125276757  akt3a; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125265127  hrasb; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase b [KO:K02833]
125247376  hrasa; HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase a [KO:K02833]
125279450  zgc:55558; GTPase KRas [KO:K07827]
125246538  kras; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
125279259  nras; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
125259699  raf1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase a [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125256524  raf1b; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
125253954  map2k1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125263787  map2k2a; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2a [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125250873  map2k2b; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2b [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
125267337  mapk1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
125275450  mapk3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00319  Sphingosine
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:26615431
  Authors
Savitskaya MA, Onishchenko GE
  Title
Mechanisms of Apoptosis.
  Journal
Biochemistry (Mosc) 80:1393-417 (2015)
DOI:10.1134/S0006297915110012
Reference
PMID:23803157
  Authors
Schleich K, Lavrik IN
  Title
Mathematical modeling of apoptosis.
  Journal
Cell Commun Signal 11:44 (2013)
DOI:10.1186/1478-811X-11-44
Reference
PMID:15654015
  Authors
Lavrik I, Golks A, Krammer PH
  Title
Death receptor signaling.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 118:265-7 (2005)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.01610
Reference
PMID:15725726
  Authors
Jin Z, El-Deiry WS
  Title
Overview of cell death signaling pathways.
  Journal
Cancer Biol Ther 4:139-63 (2005)
DOI:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1508
Reference
PMID:15322527
  Authors
Benn SC, Woolf CJ
  Title
Adult neuron survival strategies--slamming on the brakes.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 5:686-700 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nrn1477
Reference
PMID:12838338
  Authors
Orrenius S, Zhivotovsky B, Nicotera P
  Title
Regulation of cell death: the calcium-apoptosis link.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:552-65 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1150
Reference
PMID:19148180
  Authors
Clarke P, Tyler KL
  Title
Apoptosis in animal models of virus-induced disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Microbiol 7:144-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrmicro2071
Reference
PMID:22429822
  Authors
Wen X, Lin ZQ, Liu B, Wei YQ
  Title
Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways as potential therapeutic targets in cancer.
  Journal
Cell Prolif 45:217-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00814.x
Reference
PMID:25526085
  Authors
Shalini S, Dorstyn L, Dawar S, Kumar S
  Title
Old, new and emerging functions of caspases.
  Journal
Cell Death Differ 22:526-39 (2015)
DOI:10.1038/cdd.2014.216
Reference
PMID:15601572
  Authors
Philchenkov A
  Title
Caspases: potential targets for regulating cell death.
  Journal
J Cell Mol Med 8:432-44 (2004)
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Related
pathway
mamb04010  MAPK signaling pathway
mamb04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mamb04115  p53 signaling pathway
mamb04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
KO pathway
ko04210   
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