Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Poeciliopsis prolifica (blackstripe livebearer)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Poeciliopsis prolifica (blackstripe livebearer) [GN:
pprl ]
Gene
129373210 slc8a4b; solute carrier family 8 member 4b isoform X1 [KO:K05849 ]
129368392 slc8a4a; solute carrier family 8 member 4a isoform X1 [KO:K05849 ]
129364820 htr5ab; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 5A, genome duplicate b isoform X1 [KO:K04161 ]
129372313 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha [KO:K04632 ]
129357494 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04632 ]
129378015 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
129356761 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04633 ]
129363168 prkacaa; protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha, genome duplicate a isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
129366303 atp2a2b; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2b [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
129377679 atp2a1l; ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1, like isoform X1 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
129366379 orai1b; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
129373046 calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K16056 ]
129375629 cacna1c; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850 ]
129372579 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851 ]
129356852 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851 ]
129352870 cacna1da; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit, a [KO:K04851 ]
129370128 cacna1fa; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04853 ]
129372226 dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type skeletal muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K04857 ]
129367079 cacna1ab; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit, b isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
129363260 cacna1aa; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04344 ]
129366626 cacna1bb; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
129351565 cacna1ba; calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit, a [KO:K04849 ]
129361800 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E-like [KO:K04852 ]
129370740 voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E [KO:K04852 ]
129377595 cacna1g; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G isoform X1 [KO:K04854 ]
129363158 cacna1ha; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H isoform X1 [KO:K04855 ]
129363253 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like isoform X1 [KO:K04856 ]
129376904 voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I-like [KO:K04856 ]
129362652 chrna8; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809 ]
129369472 chrna7a; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7a isoform X1 [KO:K04809 ]
129366028 grin1b; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1b isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
129366311 grin1a; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1a isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
129363328 grin2aa; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
129373947 grin2ca; glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl D-aspartate 2Ca [KO:K05211 ]
129355257 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2-like [KO:K04322 ]
129351484 chrm2a; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2a isoform X1 [KO:K04130 ]
129368632 grm5a; glutamate receptor, metabotropic 5a isoform X1 [KO:K04604 ]
129352372 htr2cl1; 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C, G protein-coupled-like 1 [KO:K04157 ]
129359737 lhcgr; lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04248 ]
129363939 prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype-like isoform X1 [KO:K04258 ]
129371935 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
129374344 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like [KO:K04634 ]
129365136 gna11b; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11b isoform X1 [KO:K04634 ]
129371651 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha-like [KO:K04635 ]
129371936 gna14a; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14 [KO:K04636 ]
129375288 guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11-like [KO:K04637 ]
129358454 tgfa; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protransforming growth factor alpha [KO:K08774 ]
129363603 pdgfab; platelet-derived growth factor alpha polypeptide b [KO:K04359 ]
129367152 si:ch211-79m20.1; uncharacterized protein si:ch211-79m20.1 [KO:K17386 ]
129353231 fgf4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358 ]
129369036 vegfab; vascular endothelial growth factor Ab isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
129366494 gdnfa; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X1 [KO:K05452 ]
129362128 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129356457 plcd4a; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129352293 plcd3b; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3-A isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129364530 plcd1a; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1a isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129373219 plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129369014 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129353334 plce1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129360685 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase zeta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05861 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
129353093 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
129353750 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04958 ]
129352937 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3-like [KO:K04960 ]
129354427 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3-like [KO:K04960 ]
129373421 vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862 ]
129368095 voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15040 ]
129360141 vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
129379756 zgc:56235; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2-like [KO:K15041 ]
129366147 vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
129359157 calm3a; calmodulin 3a (phosphorylase kinase, delta) isoform X1 [KO:K02183 ]
129379339 phkb; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
129369416 phka2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
129352357 phka1a; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
129366123 camk2b1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II beta 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
129359527 camk2g2; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
129376807 camk2d1; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
129362595 ppp3cb; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
129368452 ppp3ca; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
129367640 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1-like [KO:K04446 ]
129375811 nfatc1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04446 ]
129372680 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2-like [KO:K17332 ]
129377174 nfatc2a; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17332 ]
129362891 nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
129364067 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3-like [KO:K17333 ]
129378104 nfatc4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
129379212 pde1a; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
129361886 pde1cb; dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
129358148 dual specificity calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B-like [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
pprl04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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