Entry
Name
Prion disease - Felis catus (domestic cat)
Description
Prion diseases, also termed transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of fatal neurodegenerative diseases that affect humans and a number of other animal species. The etiology of these diseases is thought to be associated with the conversion of a normal protein, PrPC, into an infectious, pathogenic form, PrPSc. The conversion is induced by prion infections (for example, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), iatrogenic CJD, Kuru), mutations (familial CJD, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia (FFI)) or unknown factors (sporadic CJD (sCJD)), and is thought to occur after PrPC has reached the plasma membrane or is re-internalized for degradation. The PrPSc form shows greater protease resistance than PrPC and accumulates in affected individuals, often in the form of extracellular plaques. Pathways that may lead to neuronal death comprise oxidative stress, regulated activation of complement, ubiquitin-proteasome and endosomal-lysosomal systems, synaptic alterations and dendritic atrophy, corticosteroid response, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In addition, the conformational transition could lead to the lost of a beneficial activity of the natively folded protein, PrPC.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Disease
Organism
Felis catus (domestic cat) [GN:
fca ]
Gene
100271864 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X3 [KO:K02649 ]
101080547 ATP5F1C; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136 ]
101080870 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
101081479 NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352 ]
101081685 NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X2 [KO:K03947 ]
101082021 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
101082082 PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 [KO:K03032 ]
101082389 NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
101082923 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
101083455 MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K20858 ]
101083475 NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
101083819 COX7A1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02270 ]
101084209 NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
101084297 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
101084784 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X7 [KO:K09047 ]
101084817 NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03944 ]
101085106 PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037 ]
101085609 NDUFA1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
101085859 NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
101086911 NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03957 ]
101086926 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101087097 CREB3L1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
101087362 CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B isoform X1 [KO:K04849 ]
101087808 SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00236 ]
101087993 ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04960 ]
101088298 NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101088394 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X8 [KO:K04851 ]
101089135 NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
101089240 NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03937 ]
101089499 UQCRC1; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K00414 ]
101089838 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101090177 NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961 ]
101090761 COX5B; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265 ]
101090884 ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450 ]
101091174 NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 isoform X3 [KO:K03951 ]
101091412 NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
101091455 EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237 ]
101091655 NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
101091665 PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036 ]
101091693 NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
101091711 NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
101091740 GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C isoform X1 [KO:K05211 ]
101091850 NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
101091892 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101092350 COX7A2L; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
101092508 NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
101092793 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
101092862 NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
101093051 PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693 ]
101093097 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X2 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101093382 NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X3 [KO:K03959 ]
101093555 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
101093586 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
101093608 COX7A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
101093631 NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X4 [KO:K03954 ]
101093917 NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
101094274 PIK3CD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101094305 PSMD3; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 isoform X3 [KO:K03033 ]
101094384 NOTCH1; neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K02599 ]
101094451 NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101094736 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X3 [KO:K05214 ]
101094849 ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X4 [KO:K09049 ]
101094940 NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
101095061 GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D isoform X1 [KO:K05212 ]
101095118 PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030 ]
101095190 PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028 ]
101095280 SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
101095457 PSMD8; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031 ]
101096376 NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
101096448 NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101096603 COX8A; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273 ]
101096614 NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962 ]
101096643 COX4I2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02263 ]
101096744 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
101096914 NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
101097006 ATP5PB; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
101097080 ATP5MC3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
101097110 ATP5MC1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
101097144 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
101097360 PSMC5; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8 isoform X2 [KO:K03066 ]
101097413 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
101097623 NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
101098262 GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A isoform X1 [KO:K05213 ]
101098515 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
101098564 PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X2 [KO:K03029 ]
101098629 COX7B2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271 ]
101098797 PSMC6; 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B isoform X1 [KO:K03064 ]
101098912 PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038 ]
101099117 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
101099742 ATP5PF; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131 ]
101100189 NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
101100293 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
101100442 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X4 [KO:K09048 ]
101100487 ATP5MC2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K02128 ]
101100546 ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04958 ]
101100851 PSMD12; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035 ]
101101113 NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
101101230 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
101101277 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X3 [KO:K04392 ]
101101591 PSMD13; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13 isoform X2 [KO:K03039 ]
101101684 UQCRC2; cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415 ]
105261306 COX6A2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266 ]
493956 NCAM1; neural cell adhesion molecule 1 precursor [KO:K06491 ]
654399 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
751617 SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
751619 SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
768257 APAF1; apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02084 ]
768269 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Saa P, Harris DA, Cervenakova L
Title
Mechanisms of prion-induced neurodegeneration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Goold R, McKinnon C, Tabrizi SJ
Title
Prion degradation pathways: Potential for therapeutic intervention.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Soto C, Satani N
Title
The intricate mechanisms of neurodegeneration in prion diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mays CE, Soto C
Title
The stress of prion disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jones E, Mead S
Title
Genetic risk factors for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kovacs GG, Budka H
Title
Prion diseases: from protein to cell pathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Campana V, Sarnataro D, Zurzolo C
Title
The highways and byways of prion protein trafficking.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Caughey B, Baron GS
Title
Prions and their partners in crime.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Chiesa R, Harris DA
Title
Prion diseases: what is the neurotoxic molecule?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fasano C, Campana V, Zurzolo C
Title
Prions: protein only or something more? Overview of potential prion cofactors.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roucou X, Gains M, LeBlanc AC
Title
Neuroprotective functions of prion protein.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Harris DA
Title
Cellular biology of prion diseases.
Journal
Clin Microbiol Rev 12:429-44 (1999)
Reference
Authors
Novakofski J, Brewer MS, Mateus-Pinilla N, Killefer J, McCusker RH
Title
Prion biology relevant to bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Peggion C, Bertoli A, Sorgato MC
Title
Almost a century of prion protein(s): From pathology to physiology, and back to pathology.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ryskalin L, Busceti CL, Biagioni F, Limanaqi F, Familiari P, Frati A, Fornai F
Title
Prion Protein in Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ureshino RP, Erustes AG, Bassani TB, Wachilewski P, Guarache GC, Nascimento AC, Costa AJ, Smaili SS, Pereira GJDS
Title
The Interplay between Ca(2+) Signaling Pathways and Neurodegeneration.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Meneghetti E, Gasperini L, Virgilio T, Moda F, Tagliavini F, Benetti F, Legname G
Title
Prions Strongly Reduce NMDA Receptor S-Nitrosylation Levels at Pre-symptomatic and Terminal Stages of Prion Diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song Z, Zhao D, Yang L
Title
Molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration mediated by dysfunctional subcellular organelles in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Halliday M, Hughes D, Mallucci GR
Title
Fine-tuning PERK signaling for neuroprotection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hughes D, Halliday M
Title
What Is Our Current Understanding of PrP(Sc)-Associated Neurotoxicity and Its Molecular Underpinnings?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hetz C, Mollereau B
Title
Disturbance of endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hughes D, Mallucci GR
Title
The unfolded protein response in neurodegenerative disorders - therapeutic modulation of the PERK pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Doyle KM, Kennedy D, Gorman AM, Gupta S, Healy SJ, Samali A
Title
Unfolded proteins and endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurodegenerative disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferreiro E, Oliveira CR, Pereira CM
Title
The release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum induced by amyloid-beta and prion peptides activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferreiro E, Resende R, Costa R, Oliveira CR, Pereira CM
Title
An endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptotic pathway is involved in prion and amyloid-beta peptides neurotoxicity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Torres M, Encina G, Soto C, Hetz C
Title
Abnormal calcium homeostasis and protein folding stress at the ER: A common factor in familial and infectious prion disorders.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ciechanover A, Kwon YT
Title
Degradation of misfolded proteins in neurodegenerative diseases: therapeutic targets and strategies.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kristiansen M, Deriziotis P, Dimcheff DE, Jackson GS, Ovaa H, Naumann H, Clarke AR, van Leeuwen FW, Menendez-Benito V, Dantuma NP, Portis JL, Collinge J, Tabrizi SJ
Title
Disease-associated prion protein oligomers inhibit the 26S proteasome.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang HG, Pathan N, Ethell IM, Krajewski S, Yamaguchi Y, Shibasaki F, McKeon F, Bobo T, Franke TF, Reed JC.
Title
Ca2+-induced apoptosis through calcineurin dephosphorylation of BAD.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hetz C, Russelakis-Carneiro M, Maundrell K, Castilla J, Soto C
Title
Caspase-12 and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediate neurotoxicity of pathological prion protein.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zamponi E, Pigino GF
Title
Protein Misfolding, Signaling Abnormalities and Altered Fast Axonal Transport: Implications for Alzheimer and Prion Diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zamponi E, Buratti F, Cataldi G, Caicedo HH, Song Y, Jungbauer LM, LaDu MJ, Bisbal M, Lorenzo A, Ma J, Helguera PR, Morfini GA, Brady ST, Pigino GF
Title
Prion protein inhibits fast axonal transport through a mechanism involving casein kinase 2.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schneider B, Pietri M, Pradines E, Loubet D, Launay JM, Kellermann O, Mouillet-Richard S
Title
Understanding the neurospecificity of Prion protein signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Didonna A
Title
Prion protein and its role in signal transduction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shah SZA, Zhao D, Hussain T, Yang L
Title
The Role of Unfolded Protein Response and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Neurodegenerative Diseases with Special Focus on Prion Diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marella M, Gaggioli C, Batoz M, Deckert M, Tartare-Deckert S, Chabry J
Title
Pathological prion protein exposure switches on neuronal mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway resulting in microglia recruitment.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ishikura N, Clever JL, Bouzamondo-Bernstein E, Samayoa E, Prusiner SB, Huang EJ, DeArmond SJ
Title
Notch-1 activation and dendritic atrophy in prion disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Dearmond SJ, Bajsarowicz K
Title
PrPSc accumulation in neuronal plasma membranes links Notch-1 activation to dendritic degeneration in prion diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hirsch TZ, Martin-Lanneree S, Reine F, Hernandez-Rapp J, Herzog L, Dron M, Privat N, Passet B, Halliez S, Villa-Diaz A, Lacroux C, Klein V, Haik S, Andreoletti O, Torres JM, Vilotte JL, Beringue V, Mouillet-Richard S
Title
Epigenetic Control of the Notch and Eph Signaling Pathways by the Prion Protein: Implications for Prion Diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Aguzzi A, Zhu C
Title
Microglia in prion diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mabbott NA
Title
The complement system in prion diseases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Mallucci G, Collinge J
Title
Rational targeting for prion therapeutics.
Journal
Related pathway
fca04141 Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
fca04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
KO pathway