Entry
Name
Calcium signaling pathway - Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat)
Description
Ca2+ that enters the cell from the outside is a principal source of signal Ca2+. Entry of Ca2+ is driven by the presence of a large electrochemical gradient across the plasma membrane. Cells use this external source of signal Ca2+ by activating various entry channels with widely different properties. The voltage-operated channels (VOCs) are found in excitable cells and generate the rapid Ca2+ fluxes that control fast cellular processes. There are many other Ca2+-entry channels, such as the receptor-operated channels (ROCs), for example the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors (NMDARs) that respond to glutamate. There also are second-messenger-operated channels (SMOCs) and store-operated channels (SOCs).
The other principal source of Ca2+ for signalling is the internal stores that are located primarily in the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum (ER/SR), in which inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) or ryanodine receptors (RYRs) regulate the release of Ca2+. The principal activator of these channels is Ca2+ itself and this process of Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release is central to the mechanism of Ca2+ signalling. Various second messengers or modulators also control the release of Ca2+. IP3, which is generated by pathways using different isoforms of phospholipase C (PLCbeta, delta, epsilon, gamma and zeta), regulates the IP3Rs. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) releases Ca2+ via RYRs. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may activate a distinct Ca2+ release mechanism on separate acidic Ca2+ stores. Ca2+ release via the NAADP-sensitive mechanism may also feedback onto either RYRs or IP3Rs. cADPR and NAADP are generated by CD38. This enzyme might be sensitive to the cellular metabolism, as ATP and NADH inhibit it.
The influx of Ca2+ from the environment or release from internal stores causes a very rapid and dramatic increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration, which has been widely exploited for signal transduction. Some proteins, such as troponin C (TnC) involved in muscle contraction, directly bind to and sense Ca2+. However, in other cases Ca2+ is sensed through intermediate calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CALM).
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) [GN:
mlf ]
Gene
102417974 SLC8A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/calcium exchanger 1 [KO:K05849 ]
102434895 ADRB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143 ]
102437422 HTR4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 [KO:K04160 ]
102428502 GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short isoform X11 [KO:K04632 ]
102428060 GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha [KO:K04633 ]
102438797 ATP2A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
102418943 ORAI1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 [KO:K16056 ]
102424719 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
102420982 CACNA1D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851 ]
102434312 CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
102423622 CACNA1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344 ]
102418865 CACNA1E; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E [KO:K04852 ]
102425815 CACNA1G; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1G [KO:K04854 ]
102432804 CACNA1H; voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H [KO:K04855 ]
102440836 CACNA1I; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1I [KO:K04856 ]
102436175 GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A isoform X1 [KO:K05209 ]
102430817 GRIN3A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213 ]
102425604 GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X1 [KO:K05214 ]
102442270 ADRA1D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137 ]
102418574 GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604 ]
102420060 PTGER1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype [KO:K04258 ]
102442487 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform X2 [KO:K04260 ]
102424688 GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
102424028 GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 [KO:K04635 ]
102424377 GNA14; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14 isoform X2 [KO:K04636 ]
102436920 GNA15; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15 [KO:K04637 ]
102426780 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
102429928 FGF8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 8 [KO:K04358 ]
102432233 FGF23; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 23 [KO:K22428 ]
102426433 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
102438597 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
102431995 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X2 [KO:K05452 ]
102431544 PLCD3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05857 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102432440 PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102441813 PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X2 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102421330 PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102420000 PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K05859 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
102422734 ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959 ]
102442861 ITPR3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960 ]
102425694 TPCN2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: two pore calcium channel protein 2 [KO:K14077 ]
102420868 MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K20858 ]
102433336 VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862 ]
102431583 VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
102441962 VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
102431195 PPIF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565 ] [EC:5.2.1.8 ]
102422482 TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles isoform X1 [KO:K05865 ]
102426645 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
102441572 PHKG2; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00871 ] [EC:2.7.11.19 ]
102431515 PHKA1; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190 ]
102437379 PHKA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform [KO:K07190 ]
102428043 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta-like [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
102427134 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X5 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
102440347 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
102434410 PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102441003 PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102421207 PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102428507 NFATC1; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
102441857 NFATC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 [KO:K17332 ]
102426111 NFATC3; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 3 isoform X1 [KO:K17333 ]
102417139 NFATC4; nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 4 [KO:K17334 ]
102439889 PDE1B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
102431768 PDE1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
102427182 PDE1A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124 Sphingosine 1-phosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
C13051 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Bootman MD, Roderick HL.
Title
Calcium signalling: dynamics, homeostasis and remodelling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berridge MJ, Lipp P, Bootman MD.
Title
The versatility and universality of calcium signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wang MC, Dolphin A, Kitmitto A.
Title
L-type voltage-gated calcium channels: understanding function through structure.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ferrier GR, Howlett SE.
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling: role of membrane potential in regulation of contraction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Keef KD, Hume JR, Zhong J.
Title
Regulation of cardiac and smooth muscle Ca(2+) channels (Ca(V)1.2a,b) by protein kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hell JW, Appleyard SM, Yokoyama CT, Warner C, Catterall WA.
Title
Differential phosphorylation of two size forms of the N-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit which have different COOH termini.
Journal
J Biol Chem 269:7390-6 (1994)
Reference
Authors
Yunker AM.
Title
Modulation and pharmacology of low voltage-activated ("T-Type") calcium channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yakel JL.
Title
Calcineurin regulation of synaptic function: from ion channels to transmitter release and gene transcription.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Fukunaga K, Miyamoto E.
Title
A working model of CaM kinase II activity in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Della Rocca GJ, van Biesen T, Daaka Y, Luttrell DK, Luttrell LM, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title
Ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase activation by G protein-coupled receptors. Convergence of Gi- and Gq-mediated pathways on calcium/calmodulin, Pyk2, and Src kinase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Furuichi T, Mikoshiba K.
Title
Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the brain.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bruce JI, Straub SV, Yule DI.
Title
Crosstalk between cAMP and Ca2+ signaling in non-excitable cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lee HC, Munshi C, Graeff R.
Title
Structures and activities of cyclic ADP-ribose, NAADP and their metabolic enzymes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Crompton M.
Title
Mitochondrial intermembrane junctional complexes and their role in cell death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grewal SS, York RD, Stork PJ.
Title
Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase signalling in neurons.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Trushin SA, Pennington KN, Carmona EM, Asin S, Savoy DN, Billadeau DD, Paya CV.
Title
Protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) acts upstream of PKCtheta to activate IkappaB kinase and NF-kappaB in T lymphocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hutchins JR, Dikovskaya D, Clarke PR.
Title
Regulation of Cdc2/cyclin B activation in Xenopus egg extracts via inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc25C phosphatase by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein [corrected] kinase II.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Tornquist K
Title
Sphingosine 1-phosphate, sphingosine kinase and autocrine calcium signalling in thyroid cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Feske S
Title
Immunodeficiency due to defects in store-operated calcium entry.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Giachini FR, Lima VV, Hannan JL, Carneiro FS, Webb RC, Tostes RC
Title
STIM1/Orai1-mediated store-operated Ca2+ entry: the tip of the iceberg.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Baba Y, Kurosaki T
Title
[Regulation of store-operated calcium entry by STIM1].
Journal
Seikagaku 80:1123-8 (2008)
Reference
Authors
Galione A, Evans AM, Ma J, Parrington J, Arredouani A, Cheng X, Zhu MX
Title
The acid test: the discovery of two-pore channels (TPCs) as NAADP-gated endolysosomal Ca(2+) release channels.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Beard NA, Wei L, Dulhunty AF
Title
Ca(2+) signaling in striated muscle: the elusive roles of triadin, junctin, and calsequestrin.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Marty I
Title
Triadin regulation of the ryanodine receptor complex.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Arvanitis DA, Vafiadaki E, Sanoudou D, Kranias EG
Title
Histidine-rich calcium binding protein: the new regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling.
Journal
Related pathway
mlf04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
KO pathway
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