KEGG   PATHWAY: ncar05207
Entry
ncar05207                   Pathway                                
Name
Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation - Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel)
Description
Carcinogenesis is a multistage process that consists of initiation, promotion, and progression stages. Chemicals or environmental factors may act at any of these stages to induce and/or enhance the carcinogenic process. Based on their mode-of-action, carcinogens can be classified as genotoxic or non-genotoxic. Genotoxic agent begins their action at the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) level, causing DNA damage through several mechanisms. Non-genotoxic carcinogens are chemicals that cause the development of tumors through multiple non-genotoxic events and epigenetic alterations without direct interaction with DNA. One non-genotoxic mechanism involves receptor activation. Biological mechanisms involving receptor activation fall into two broad categories: (i) those that involve cell surface receptors and some intracellular receptors that activate signal transduction pathways, resulting in biological responses, including gene transcription, and (ii) those that involve intracellular receptors that translocate into the nucleus and act as transcription factors regulating gene expression. Both classes of receptors can be involved in mechanisms of carcinogenesis.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
Pathway map
ncar05207  Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation
ncar05207

Organism
Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel) [GN:ncar]
Gene
124976997  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
124958432  beta-arrestin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04439]
124979615  beta-arrestin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04439]
124977049  proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src isoform X1 [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]
124971006  RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124985088  retinoblastoma-associated protein isoform X1 [KO:K06618]
124977154  transcription factor E2F1 [KO:K17454]
124980708  baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5 [KO:K08731]
124972304  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP [KO:K04725] [EC:2.3.2.27]
124979932  cell division control protein 6 homolog [KO:K02213]
124969415  M-phase inducer phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06645] [EC:3.1.3.48]
124964444  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase JAK2-like [KO:K04447] [EC:2.7.10.2]
124978933  signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04692]
124962122  inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon isoform X1 [KO:K07211] [EC:2.7.11.10]
124958520  G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 [KO:K04503]
124976781  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04806]
124971020  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 [KO:K04813]
124977010  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04805]
124977321  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-4 [KO:K04815]
124982084  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
124968359  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851]
124971751  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
124961645  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
124964767  voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
124969155  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A-like [KO:K04344]
124993166  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
124993330  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
124963509  phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
124986648  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
124968815  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
124962260  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase-like [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124976076  RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124966582  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124979992  serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124994613  nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
124960546  transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
124958599  GTPase HRas isoform X1 [KO:K02833]
124991017  GTPase KRas-like [KO:K07827]
124982118  GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
124962389  GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
124977990  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
124969568  dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
124990635  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1-like [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
124970294  mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
124977967  protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
124991717  transcription factor Jun [KO:K04448]
124963740  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcription factor Jun-like [KO:K04448]
124965808  myc proto-oncogene protein [KO:K04377]
124965545  apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 [KO:K02161]
124979014  protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
124970211  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein kinase C beta type-like [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
124967611  protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
124988567  vascular endothelial growth factor A [KO:K05448]
124985454  beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
124987131  beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
124983300  beta-3 adrenergic receptor-like isoform X1 [KO:K04143]
124978161  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
124975134  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
124990345  adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124987010  adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124962927  adenylate cyclase type 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124978229  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 4-like [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124992559  adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124983776  adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124966834  adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124965096  adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124970113  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 9-like [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
124985819  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
124969119  cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
124979032  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
124979831  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2-like [KO:K04450]
124984025  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
124991113  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
124958938  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
124984689  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
124969564  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
124964377  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
124991182  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
124988573  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049]
124992673  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630]
124988012  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-3 [KO:K04630]
124991078  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630]
124958534  bcl2-associated agonist of cell death-like [KO:K02158]
124994727  neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9 [KO:K04810]
124988357  ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04373] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124985017  ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04373] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124971903  ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K04373] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124972555  ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04373] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124988588  estrogen receptor isoform X1 [KO:K08550]
124977901  estrogen receptor beta isoform X1 [KO:K08551]
124983883  vitamin D3 receptor isoform X1 [KO:K08539]
124988186  G1/S-specific cyclin-D3 isoform X1 [KO:K10152]
124990601  epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
124980188  growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
124977045  son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]
124963384  son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
124974041  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2-like [KO:K03099]
124991326  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1-like [KO:K07205]
124983324  eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07205]
124958805  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124978930  ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
124983271  membrane progestin receptor alpha [KO:K25039]
124988569  membrane progestin receptor beta [KO:K25040]
124977292  membrane progestin receptor gamma isoform X1 [KO:K25041]
124958802  progesterone receptor isoform X1 [KO:K08556]
124985349  tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 [KO:K05473]
124980612  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A [KO:K11223]
124979870  signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B isoform X1 [KO:K11224]
124992595  B-cell lymphoma 6 protein [KO:K15618]
124985333  Krueppel-like factor 5 [KO:K09206]
124964963  Krueppel-like factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K17846]
124981913  proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
124982689  neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K20994]
124977608  protein jagged-1 [KO:K06052]
124971830  androgen receptor [KO:K08557]
124994951  pro-epidermal growth factor-like isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
124958424  fibroblast growth factor 3-like [KO:K04358]
124987059  fibroblast growth factor 10 [KO:K04358]
124987153  fibroblast growth factor 18 [KO:K04358]
124994943  fibroblast growth factor 5 [KO:K04358]
124984357  fibroblast growth factor 9 [KO:K04358]
124985265  fibroblast growth factor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
124960728  fibroblast growth factor 4 [KO:K04358]
124972107  fibroblast growth factor 16 [KO:K04358]
124975376  fibroblast growth factor 22-like isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
124975960  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: fibroblast growth factor 7-like [KO:K04358]
124983367  fibroblast growth factor 6 [KO:K04358]
124983497  fibroblast growth factor 20 [KO:K04358]
124983717  fibroblast growth factor 17 isoform X1 [KO:K04358]
124988244  delta-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06051]
124976817  delta-like protein 4 [KO:K06051]
124967352  delta-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K06051]
124983109  prostaglandin E synthase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15730] [EC:5.3.99.3]
124958791  AH receptor-interacting protein isoform X1 [KO:K17767]
124981097  aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting protein-like 1 [KO:K17767]
124991103  aryl hydrocarbon receptor-like [KO:K09093]
124988389  heat shock protein HSP 90-beta [KO:K04079]
124977378  heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha [KO:K04079]
124983444  heat shock protein HSP 90-beta-like [KO:K04079]
124982611  endoplasmin [KO:K09487]
124992656  importin subunit alpha-5 [KO:K23940]
124980048  importin subunit alpha-1 [KO:K15043]
124970764  importin subunit alpha-8-like [KO:K15043]
124993234  importin subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K23583]
124984926  importin subunit alpha-4 [KO:K23583]
124988779  importin subunit alpha-6 isoform X1 [KO:K15042]
124992201  importin subunit alpha-7 isoform X1 [KO:K15042]
124980193  importin subunit beta-1 [KO:K14293]
124977856  aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator isoform X1 [KO:K09097]
124977051  cytochrome P450 1A1-like [KO:K07408] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124962692  cytochrome P450 1B1 isoform X1 [KO:K07410] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124961084  epoxide hydrolase 1 [KO:K01253] [EC:3.3.2.9]
124982494  bifunctional epoxide hydrolase 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K08726] [EC:3.3.2.10 3.1.3.76]
124969473  epoxide hydrolase 3 [KO:K22368] [EC:3.3.2.10]
124960474  epoxide hydrolase 4 [KO:K22369] [EC:3.3.-.-]
124994992  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988839  glutathione S-transferase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988855  glutathione S-transferase Mu 2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988863  glutathione S-transferase Y1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988873  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988903  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989026  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989027  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989538  glutathione S-transferase A1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989702  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124990142  glutathione S-transferase theta-2B-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124991125  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124991622  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124991662  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124984941  glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124959946  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124985125  glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124985126  glutathione S-transferase omega-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124968900  glutathione S-transferase Mu 5-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124962123  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124981949  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124994473  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994571  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994574  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994603  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994803  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994935  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979551  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979722  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979723  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979724  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124980284  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124980343  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124981344  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124981346  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-2-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124981351  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-2-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124966693  cytochrome P450 2B4-like [KO:K07412] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124966955  cytochrome P450 2B4-like [KO:K07412] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124966667  cytochrome P450 2B4-like [KO:K07412] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124985060  nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K08541]
124964436  retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08524]
124988773  retinoic acid receptor RXR-beta isoform X1 [KO:K08525]
124961684  retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma isoform X1 [KO:K08526]
124969866  cytochrome P450 3A9-like [KO:K07424] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124969867  cytochrome P450 3A9-like [KO:K07424] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124969879  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome P450 3A9-like [KO:K07424] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124977052  cytochrome P450 1A2-like isoform X1 [KO:K07409] [EC:1.14.14.1]
124981928  peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00410  Progesterone
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00745  Nicotine
C00780  Serotonin
C00788  L-Adrenaline
C00951  Estradiol-17beta
C03690  Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
C04623  DDT
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06697  Arsenite
C06790  Trichloroethene
C06916  Clofibrate
C07020  Gemfibrozil
C07434  Phenobarbital
C07535  Benzo[a]pyrene
C07557  2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
C08150  Medroxyprogesterone acetate
C11042  Hexachlorobenzene
C11150  Trichloroacetate
C11371  Nafenopin
C11906  Sodium arsenite
C13624  Bisphenol A
C14240  Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
C14573  3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl
C15995  Bombesin
C16452  N'-Nitrosonornicotine
C16453  4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
Reference
PMID:15660110
  Authors
Luch A.
  Title
Nature and nurture - lessons from chemical carcinogenesis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 5:113-25 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrc1546
Reference
PMID:19631282
  Authors
Hernandez LG, van Steeg H, Luijten M, van Benthem J
  Title
Mechanisms of non-genotoxic carcinogens and importance of a weight of evidence approach.
  Journal
Mutat Res 682:94-109 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.mrrev.2009.07.002
Reference
PMID:21444681
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Wu CH, Lee CH, Ho YS
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-based blockade: applications of molecular targets for cancer therapy.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 17:3533-41 (2011)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-2434
Reference
PMID:19194381
  Authors
Schuller HM
  Title
Is cancer triggered by altered signalling of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors?
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 9:195-205 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nrc2590
Reference
PMID:21541211
  Authors
Singh S, Pillai S, Chellappan S
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling in tumor growth and metastasis.
  Journal
J Oncol 2011:456743 (2011)
DOI:10.1155/2011/456743
Reference
PMID:31956359
  Authors
Cheng WL, Chen KY, Lee KY, Feng PH, Wu SM
  Title
Nicotinic-nAChR signaling mediates drug resistance in lung cancer.
  Journal
J Cancer 11:1125-1140 (2020)
DOI:10.7150/jca.36359
Reference
PMID:24827506
  Authors
Grando SA
  Title
Connections of nicotine to cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 14:419-29 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3725
Reference
PMID:24398389
  Authors
Schaal C, Chellappan SP
  Title
Nicotine-mediated cell proliferation and tumor progression in smoking-related cancers.
  Journal
Mol Cancer Res 12:14-23 (2014)
DOI:10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0541
Reference
PMID:21640716
  Authors
Improgo MR, Tapper AR, Gardner PD
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated mechanisms in lung cancer.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 82:1015-21 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2011.05.020
Reference
PMID:18262664
  Authors
Egleton RD, Brown KC, Dasgupta P
  Title
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in cancer: multiple roles in proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 29:151-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2007.12.006
Reference
PMID:24830349
  Authors
Xue J, Yang S, Seng S
  Title
Mechanisms of Cancer Induction by Tobacco-Specific NNK and NNN.
  Journal
Cancers (Basel) 6:1138-56 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/cancers6021138
Reference
PMID:21801603
  Authors
Wen J, Fu JH, Zhang W, Guo M
  Title
Lung carcinoma signaling pathways activated by smoking.
  Journal
Chin J Cancer 30:551-8 (2011)
DOI:10.5732/cjc.011.10059
Reference
PMID:28664511
  Authors
Gankhuyag N, Lee KH, Cho JY
  Title
The Role of Nitrosamine (NNK) in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis.
  Journal
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 22:159-170 (2017)
DOI:10.1007/s10911-017-9381-z
Reference
PMID:22330135
  Authors
Guo J, Kim D, Gao J, Kurtyka C, Chen H, Yu C, Wu D, Mittal A, Beg AA, Chellappan SP, Haura EB, Cheng JQ
  Title
IKBKE is induced by STAT3 and tobacco carcinogen and determines chemosensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer.
  Journal
Oncogene 32:151-9 (2013)
DOI:10.1038/onc.2012.39
Reference
PMID:20106947
  Authors
Chen RJ, Ho YS, Guo HR, Wang YJ
  Title
Long-term nicotine exposure-induced chemoresistance is mediated by activation of Stat3 and downregulation of ERK1/2 via nAChR and beta-adrenoceptors in human bladder cancer cells.
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Toxicol Sci 115:118-30 (2010)
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Related
pathway
ncar00980  Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
ncar03320  PPAR signaling pathway
ncar04010  MAPK signaling pathway
ncar04024  cAMP signaling pathway
ncar04150  mTOR signaling pathway
ncar04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
ncar04370  VEGF signaling pathway
ncar04915  Estrogen signaling pathway
ncar05204  Chemical carcinogenesis - DNA adducts
ncar05206  MicroRNAs in cancer
ncar05208  Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
KO pathway
ko05207   
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