KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad04932
Entry
pcad04932                   Pathway                                
Name
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - Physeter catodon (sperm whale)
Description
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to more severe steatohepatitis with hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH may further lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This map shows a stage-dependent progression of NAFLD. In the first stage of NAFLD, excess lipid accumulation has been demonstrated. The main cause is the induction of insulin resistance, which leads to a defect in insulin suppression of free fatty acids (FAAs) disposal. In addition, two transcription factors, SREBP-1c and PPAR-alpha, activate key enzymes of lipogenesis and increase the synthesis of FAAs in liver. In the second stage, as a consequence of the progression to NASH, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is enhanced due to oxidation stress through mitochondrial beta-oxidation of fatty acids and endoplamic reticulum (ER) stress, leading to lipid peroxidation. The lipid peroxidation can further cause the production of cytokines (Fas ligand, TNF-alpha, IL-8 and TGF), promoting cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. The activation of JNK, which is induced by ER stress, TNF-alpha and FAAs, is also associated with NAFLD progression. Increased JNK promotes cytokine production and initiation of HCC.
Class
Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic disease
Pathway map
pcad04932  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
pcad04932

Organism
Physeter catodon (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102980126  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
102994451  IL6R; interleukin-6 receptor subunit alpha [KO:K05055]
102978137  SOCS3; suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 [KO:K04696]
102983069  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
102980613  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A isoform X1 [KO:K03158]
102981135  NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580]
102974198  RELA; transcription factor p65 isoform X1 [KO:K04735]
112062628  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
102992290  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
112064787  IRS2; insulin receptor substrate 2 isoform X2 [KO:K07187]
102986098  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102978952  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102977108  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
102975555  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
102991779  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
102991192  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649]
102981524  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102976971  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X3 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102990087  RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102991994  GSK3A; glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha [KO:K08822] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102978702  GSK3B; glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform X1 [KO:K03083] [EC:2.7.11.26]
102993698  NR1H3; oxysterols receptor LXR-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K08536]
102992401  RXRA; retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha [KO:K08524]
102996789  SREBF1; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K07197]
102977390  MLXIPL; carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein [KO:K09113]
102997023  MLXIP; MLX-interacting protein [KO:K09113]
102995962  MLX; max-like protein X isoform X1 [KO:K09113]
102982777  PKLR; pyruvate kinase PKLR [KO:K12406] [EC:2.7.1.40]
102990481  leptin isoform X1 [KO:K05424]
112066353  leptin isoform X1 [KO:K05424]
102996324  LEPR; leptin receptor [KO:K05062]
102986482  ADIPOQ; adiponectin [KO:K07296]
102985946  ADIPOR2; adiponectin receptor protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07297]
112066338  adiponectin receptor protein 2-like [KO:K07297]
102973780  ADIPOR1; adiponectin receptor protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K07297]
102988582  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adiponectin receptor protein 1-like [KO:K07297]
102996013  adiponectin receptor protein 2-like [KO:K07297]
102987031  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102991456  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
102995296  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
102993617  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
102982412  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X2 [KO:K07200]
102993441  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
102990899  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X5 [KO:K07200]
102977531  MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102989111  MAPK14; mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102990302  MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 isoform X3 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977994  MAPK11; mitogen-activated protein kinase 11 isoform X1 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102980917  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
102986529  PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma isoform X3 [KO:K08530]
102975958  CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]
102979195  rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K04392]
102990276  RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04392]
102973912  MAP3K11; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11 isoform X2 [KO:K04419] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102996353  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X3 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102977417  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102984741  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
102982983  ITCH; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog isoform X1 [KO:K05632] [EC:2.3.2.26]
102987670  serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
102996185  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
102976909  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
102982453  FOS; protein c-Fos [KO:K04379]
102975458  JUN; transcription factor Jun [KO:K04448]
102993910  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
102994188  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
102976706  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
102985576  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
102976371  CEBPA; CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha [KO:K09055]
102993260  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
102979864  FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389]
102979960  CXCL8; interleukin-8 [KO:K10030]
102975643  TGFB1; transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein isoform X1 [KO:K13375]
102981822  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
102975968  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 [KO:K03237]
102984157  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
102979652  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
102980242  DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein-like [KO:K04452]
102976319  BCL2L11; bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform X1 [KO:K16341]
102985097  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390]
102988082  CASP8; caspase-8 isoform X1 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
102980282  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
112066660  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
112063874  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102978471  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102986675  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102977457  cytochrome c 2 [KO:K08738]
102978194  cytochrome c-like [KO:K08738]
102977692  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
102974187  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
102973178  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
112067461  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
114483880  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102992498  NDUFV2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102980571  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
102977740  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03944]
102991568  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
102982622  NDUFA3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947]
112062463  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
102990827  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
102976386  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
112062454  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
112064644  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
112066780  cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4-like [KO:K03948]
102979925  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
102981654  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like isoform X1 [KO:K03949]
102996128  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
102992299  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
102974829  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
112066518  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03953]
102990603  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
102988418  NDUFA10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial isoform X5 [KO:K03954]
102976499  NDUFAB1; acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial [KO:K03955]
102980395  acyl carrier protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03955]
102982604  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 isoform X1 [KO:K03956]
102986775  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
102984887  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
112066265  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102987193  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
102983006  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03958]
102983330  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959]
102988963  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4-like isoform X1 [KO:K03960]
102980336  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
102991268  NDUFB5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961]
102976162  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962]
102976522  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
102993725  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
102990633  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 [KO:K03965]
102981803  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
102994019  NDUFB11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351]
102985726  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102990190  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102973655  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102974535  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X3 [KO:K03937]
102974022  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
102982301  NDUFS6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
102974600  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102995627  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
102988957  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
102987521  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03967]
102981009  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
102987120  SDHA; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102987604  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
102988081  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
102974199  SDHD; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00237]
102986405  succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00237]
102990513  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
809414  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
102987911  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
102978880  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
102995688  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
102985816  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
102977269  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
102979050  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
102977972  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
102980309  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7-like [KO:K00417]
102987198  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
102990963  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8-like [KO:K00418]
102975060  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
102992839  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
102987138  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10-like [KO:K00420]
102993375  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10-like [KO:K00420]
809417  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
809412  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
809416  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
102974489  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
102980141  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
102987053  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02264]
102980589  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
102995827  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
102985671  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
102996653  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102981962  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
102985766  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
102982476  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
102982513  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102996142  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102979558  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
102988355  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
114486535  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
102986020  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102977966  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
102986579  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
112064834  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02272]
112067434  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
Compound
C00031  D-Glucose
C00162  Fatty acid
Reference
PMID:23545492
  Authors
Naik A, Kosir R, Rozman D
  Title
Genomic aspects of NAFLD pathogenesis.
  Journal
Genomics 102:84-95 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.03.007
Reference
PMID:19352614
  Authors
Malaguarnera M, Di Rosa M, Nicoletti F, Malaguarnera L
  Title
Molecular mechanisms involved in NAFLD progression.
  Journal
J Mol Med (Berl) 87:679-95 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s00109-009-0464-1
Reference
PMID:22705006
  Authors
Seki E, Brenner DA, Karin M
  Title
A liver full of JNK: signaling in regulation of cell function and disease pathogenesis, and clinical approaches.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 143:307-20 (2012)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.004
Reference
PMID:21038418
  Authors
Tilg H, Moschen AR
  Title
Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the multiple parallel hits hypothesis.
  Journal
Hepatology 52:1836-46 (2010)
DOI:10.1002/hep.24001
Reference
PMID:16364488
  Authors
Larter CZ, Farrell GC
  Title
Insulin resistance, adiponectin, cytokines in NASH: Which is the best target to treat?
  Journal
J Hepatol 44:253-61 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2005.11.030
Reference
PMID:22570745
  Authors
Farrell GC, van Rooyen D, Gan L, Chitturi S
  Title
NASH is an Inflammatory Disorder: Pathogenic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications.
  Journal
Gut Liver 6:149-71 (2012)
DOI:10.5009/gnl.2012.6.2.149
Reference
PMID:20619513
  Authors
Shapiro H, Tehilla M, Attal-Singer J, Bruck R, Luzzatti R, Singer P
  Title
The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Clin Nutr 30:6-19 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.001
Reference
PMID:20303879
  Authors
Hotamisligil GS
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease.
  Journal
Cell 140:900-17 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2010.02.034
Reference
PMID:17498512
  Authors
Parekh S, Anania FA
  Title
Abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism in obesity: implications for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 132:2191-207 (2007)
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.055
Reference
PMID:16374858
  Authors
Schattenberg JM, Singh R, Wang Y, Lefkowitch JH, Rigoli RM, Scherer PE, Czaja MJ
  Title
JNK1 but not JNK2 promotes the development of steatohepatitis in mice.
  Journal
Hepatology 43:163-72 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/hep.20999
Reference
PMID:22940046
  Authors
Leung TM, Nieto N
  Title
CYP2E1 and oxidant stress in alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 58:395-8 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.08.018
Reference
PMID:14685853
  Authors
Zafrani ES
  Title
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an emerging pathological spectrum.
  Journal
Virchows Arch 444:3-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00428-003-0943-7
Reference
PMID:12891546
  Authors
Feldstein AE, Canbay A, Angulo P, Taniai M, Burgart LJ, Lindor KD, Gores GJ
  Title
Hepatocyte apoptosis and fas expression are prominent features of human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Gastroenterology 125:437-43 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0016-5085(03)00907-7
Reference
PMID:16406828
  Authors
Begriche K, Igoudjil A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH: causes, consequences and possible means to prevent it.
  Journal
Mitochondrion 6:1-28 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2005.10.004
Reference
PMID:9285483
  Authors
Leonarduzzi G, Scavazza A, Biasi F, Chiarpotto E, Camandola S, Vogel S, Dargel R, Poli G
  Title
The lipid peroxidation end product 4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal up-regulates transforming growth factor beta1 expression in the macrophage lineage: a link between oxidative injury and fibrosclerosis.
  Journal
FASEB J 11:851-7 (1997)
DOI:10.1096/fasebj.11.11.9285483
Reference
PMID:21145844
  Authors
Malhi H, Kaufman RJ
  Title
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver disease.
  Journal
J Hepatol 54:795-809 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.11.005
Reference
PMID:18242193
  Authors
Mantena SK, King AL, Andringa KK, Eccleston HB, Bailey SM
  Title
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of alcohol- and obesity-induced fatty liver diseases.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 44:1259-72 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.12.029
Reference
PMID:18061659
  Authors
Serviddio G, Sastre J, Bellanti F, Vina J, Vendemiale G, Altomare E
  Title
Mitochondrial involvement in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  Journal
Mol Aspects Med 29:22-35 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.mam.2007.09.014
Reference
PMID:23299992
  Authors
Begriche K, Massart J, Robin MA, Bonnet F, Fromenty B
  Title
Mitochondrial adaptations and dysfunctions in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
  Journal
Hepatology 58:1497-507 (2013)
DOI:10.1002/hep.26226
Related
pathway
pcad00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
pcad00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
pcad03320  PPAR signaling pathway
pcad04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
pcad04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
pcad04210  Apoptosis
pcad04668  TNF signaling pathway
pcad04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
pcad04930  Type II diabetes mellitus
KO pathway
ko04932   
LinkDB

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