Entry
Name
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway - Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Description
The phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase(PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is activated by many types of cellular stimuli or toxic insults and regulates fundamental cellular functions such as transcription, translation, proliferation, growth, and survival. The binding of growth factors to their receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) or G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) stimulates class Ia and Ib PI3K isoforms, respectively. PI3K catalyzes the production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane. PIP3 in turn serves as a second messenger that helps to activate Akt. Once active, Akt can control key cellular processes by phosphorylating substrates involved in apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism, and cell cycle.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) [GN:
pcad ]
Gene
102973446 EIF4E2; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 2 isoform X2 [KO:K03259 ]
102974293 CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X5 [KO:K05453 ]
102974323 PPP2R3C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
102974369 ATF2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 [KO:K04450 ]
102975387 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
102975548 GNG3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-3 [KO:K04540 ]
102975555 PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649 ]
102975734 OSMR; oncostatin-M-specific receptor subunit beta isoform X3 [KO:K05057 ]
102975750 GNB2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2 [KO:K04537 ]
102976080 PPP2R2D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
102976409 PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290 ]
102976421 GNG4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4 [KO:K04541 ]
102976485 GNG14; putative guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-14 [KO:K04347 ]
102977108 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102978131 ATF6B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta [KO:K09049 ]
102978151 VEGFB; vascular endothelial growth factor B isoform X1 [KO:K16858 ]
102978925 SOS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099 ]
102978952 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102979109 IL4R; interleukin-4 receptor subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K05071 ]
102979209 PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 [KO:K21290 ]
102979617 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
102979864 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
102980346 EIF4B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B isoform X5 [KO:K03258 ]
102980945 CSF3R; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor [KO:K05061 ]
102981135 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
102981323 GNG2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-2 isoform X2 [KO:K07826 ]
102981739 VEGFA; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X7 [KO:K05448 ]
102982040 PPP2R2B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
102982318 GNB3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 [KO:K07825 ]
102982885 PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B isoform X1 [KO:K17386 ]
102983008 MLST8; target of rapamycin complex subunit LST8 isoform X1 [KO:K08266 ]
102983116 MAGI2; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K05629 ]
102983371 PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102983421 PPP2R5A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform [KO:K11584 ]
102983555 FLT3LG; fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand isoform X3 [KO:K05454 ]
102984157 ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374 ]
102984255 YWHAB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha [KO:K16197 ]
102984521 PPP2R5C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
102984762 NGFR; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16 [KO:K02583 ]
102985008 PPP2R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
102985635 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X3 [KO:K09047 ]
102985729 GNG10; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-10 [KO:K04545 ]
102985759 PPP2R2C; protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04354 ]
102986078 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X3 [KO:K09048 ]
102986098 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
102986162 PPP2R3B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B'' subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K11583 ]
102986172 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
102986670 GDNF; glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor isoform X3 [KO:K05452 ]
102986704 EIF4E1B; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E type 1B [KO:K03259 ]
102987078 PPP2R5E; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit epsilon isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
102987194 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
102989082 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870 ]
102989754 COL9A2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-2(IX) chain [KO:K08131 ]
102989984 VEGFC; vascular endothelial growth factor C isoform X2 [KO:K05449 ]
102990076 RPTOR; regulatory-associated protein of mTOR isoform X2 [KO:K07204 ]
102990164 GNB4; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4 [KO:K04538 ]
102990276 RAC1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04392 ]
102991192 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
102991779 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
102992030 MAGI1; membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 isoform X3 [KO:K05631 ]
102992184 PPP2R1A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A alpha isoform isoform X2 [KO:K03456 ]
102992659 PPP2R1B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 65 kDa regulatory subunit A beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K03456 ]
102993492 PPP2R2A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B alpha isoform isoform X3 [KO:K04354 ]
102993796 PPP2CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04382 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
102994418 GNG11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-11 [KO:K04546 ]
102994621 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
102994835 PPP2R5B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K11584 ]
102995068 EIF4EBP1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 [KO:K07205 ]
102995518 GNB5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5 isoform X1 [KO:K04539 ]
102996184 PPP2R5D; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit delta isoform [KO:K11584 ]
112061831 MCL1; induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein Mcl-1 [KO:K02539 ]
112061832 CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16333 ]
112063837 GNG5; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-5 [KO:K04542 ]
112063854 GNG12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-12 [KO:K04347 ]
112066479 GNGT1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1 [KO:K04548 ]
112066563 GNGT2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 [KO:K04549 ]
112067178 GNG8; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-8 [KO:K04544 ]
112067655 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
129391322 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
Compound
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Engelman JA, Luo J, Cantley LC
Title
The evolution of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases as regulators of growth and metabolism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Song G, Ouyang G, Bao S
Title
The activation of Akt/PKB signaling pathway and cell survival.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Hers I, Vincent EE, Tavare JM
Title
Akt signalling in health and disease.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Duronio V
Title
The life of a cell: apoptosis regulation by the PI3K/PKB pathway.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kim D, Chung J.
Title
Akt: versatile mediator of cell survival and beyond.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Koyasu S
Title
The role of PI3K in immune cells.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Okkenhaug K, Vanhaesebroeck B.
Title
PI3K in lymphocyte development, differentiation and activation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Richardson CJ, Schalm SS, Blenis J
Title
PI3-kinase and TOR: PIKTORing cell growth.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Zhang X, Tang N, Hadden TJ, Rishi AK
Title
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Georgescu MM
Title
PTEN Tumor Suppressor Network in PI3K-Akt Pathway Control.
Journal
Reference
Authors
West KA, Castillo SS, Dennis PA
Title
Activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway and chemotherapeutic resistance.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Wymann MP, Pirola L
Title
Structure and function of phosphoinositide 3-kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Moelling K, Schad K, Bosse M, Zimmermann S, Schweneker M
Title
Regulation of Raf-Akt Cross-talk.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Kikani CK, Dong LQ, Liu F
Title
"New"-clear functions of PDK1: beyond a master kinase in the cytosol?
Journal
Reference
Authors
Blume-Jensen P, Hunter T
Title
Oncogenic kinase signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Osaki M, Oshimura M, Ito H
Title
PI3K-Akt pathway: its functions and alterations in human cancer.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Noguchi M, Ropars V, Roumestand C, Suizu F
Title
Proto-oncogene TCL1: more than just a coactivator for Akt.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lemmon MA, Schlessinger J
Title
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Skaper SD
Title
The neurotrophin family of neurotrophic factors: an overview.
Journal
Related pathway
pcad04620 Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway