Entry
Name
cAMP signaling pathway - Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel)
Description
cAMP is one of the most common and universal second messengers, and its formation is promoted by adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation after ligation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by ligands including hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules. cAMP regulates pivotal physiologic processes including metabolism, secretion, calcium homeostasis, muscle contraction, cell fate, and gene transcription. cAMP acts directly on three main targets: protein kinase A (PKA), the exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), and cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGCs). PKA modulates, via phosphorylation, a number of cellular substrates, including transcription factors, ion channels, transporters, exchangers, intracellular Ca2+ -handling proteins, and the contractile machinery. Epac proteins function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for both Rap1 and Rap2. Various effector proteins, including adaptor proteins implicated in modulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulators of G proteins of the Rho family, and phospholipases, relay signaling downstream from Rap.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Camelus dromedarius (Arabian camel) [GN:
cdk ]
Gene
105086153 ADCYAP1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide [KO:K05262 ]
105104750 ADRB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141 ]
105091422 PTGER2; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype isoform X1 [KO:K04259 ]
105095853 ADCYAP1R1; pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04587 ]
105090500 CRHR1; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04578 ]
105095848 CRHR2; corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04579 ]
105095477 GIPR; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04580 ]
105092374 FSHR; follicle-stimulating hormone receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04247 ]
105095656 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas [KO:K04632 ]
105086898 GABBR2; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2 isoform X2 [KO:K04615 ]
105101142 GABBR1; gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04615 ]
105096638 PTGER3; prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype isoform X3 [KO:K04260 ]
105087520 GNAI2; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
105085647 GNAI3; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha [KO:K04630 ]
105100375 GNAI1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
105099797 CNGA3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04950 ]
105097987 CNGA4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 [KO:K04951 ]
105093804 CNGB1; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04952 ]
105105602 CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183 ]
105089916 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X8 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
105098484 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
105092345 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
105090324 POPDC2; popeye domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K26206 ]
105099341 KCNK2; potassium channel subfamily K member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04913 ]
105093409 HCN2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2 [KO:K04955 ]
105087325 HCN4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 [KO:K04957 ]
105089214 ABCC4; multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05673 ]
105103807 RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014 ]
105091096 RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X5 [KO:K04351 ]
105084245 PLCE1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05860 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
105086777 TIAM1; T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05731 ]
105085620 VAV3; guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV3 isoform X1 [KO:K05730 ]
105102810 VAV2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV2 [KO:K05730 ]
105101582 RAC2; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07860 ]
105102215 RAC3; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 isoform X1 [KO:K07861 ]
105090802 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12490 ]
105086305 PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105107003 PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105085928 PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
105084758 PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105101867 PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
105092913 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X2 [KO:K02649 ]
105099045 PPP1R1B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B isoform X1 [KO:K15494 ]
105104430 PPP1CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105102484 PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269 ] [EC:3.1.3.16 ]
105093562 CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K05870 ]
105089327 CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
105106926 CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
105105303 CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
105091622 CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048 ]
105102288 CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
105095833 CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047 ]
105106448 BDNF; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: brain-derived neurotrophic factor [KO:K04355 ]
105092340 GLI3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transcriptional activator GLI3 [KO:K06230 ]
105089560 NFKB1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
105103624 AMH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: muellerian-inhibiting factor [KO:K04665 ]
105091841 PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha [KO:K07294 ]
105103850 NFATC1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 [KO:K04446 ]
105101547 BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158 ]
105084895 PPP1R12A; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A isoform X1 [KO:K06270 ]
105106183 GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05208 ]
105104658 GRIN2C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211 ]
105098957 GRIN2D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212 ]
105104134 GRIN3B; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B [KO:K05214 ]
105086324 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
105092738 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
105103012 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
105090183 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538 ]
105102512 ORAI1; calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K16056 ]
105100748 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
105093176 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
105103284 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
105090835 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857 ]
Compound
C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Fimia GM, Sassone-Corsi P
Title
Cyclic AMP signalling.
Journal
J Cell Sci 114:1971-2 (2001)
Reference
Authors
Serezani CH, Ballinger MN, Aronoff DM, Peters-Golden M
Title
Cyclic AMP: master regulator of innate immune cell function.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Oldenburger A, Maarsingh H, Schmidt M
Title
Multiple facets of cAMP signalling and physiological impact: cAMP compartmentalization in the lung.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ahuja M, Jha A, Maleth J, Park S, Muallem S
Title
cAMP and Ca signaling in secretory epithelia: Crosstalk and synergism.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Shirshev SV
Title
Role of Epac proteins in mechanisms of cAMP-dependent immunoregulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roscioni SS, Elzinga CR, Schmidt M
Title
Epac: effectors and biological functions.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Roberts OL, Dart C
Title
cAMP signalling in the vasculature: the role of Epac (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP).
Journal
Reference
Authors
Schaub MC, Hefti MA, Zaugg M
Title
Integration of calcium with the signaling network in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Triposkiadis F, Karayannis G, Giamouzis G, Skoularigis J, Louridas G, Butler J
Title
The sympathetic nervous system in heart failure physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Saucerman JJ, McCulloch AD
Title
Mechanistic systems models of cell signaling networks: a case study of myocyte adrenergic regulation.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yang JH, Saucerman JJ
Title
Computational models reduce complexity and accelerate insight into cardiac signaling networks.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Taggart P, Boyett MR, Logantha S, Lambiase PD
Title
Anger, emotion, and arrhythmias: from brain to heart.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bozzi Y, Dunleavy M, Henshall DC
Title
Cell signaling underlying epileptic behavior.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lizcano JM, Morrice N, Cohen P
Title
Regulation of BAD by cAMP-dependent protein kinase is mediated via phosphorylation of a novel site, Ser155.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gerlo S, Kooijman R, Beck IM, Kolmus K, Spooren A, Haegeman G
Title
Cyclic AMP: a selective modulator of NF-kappaB action.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lauder JM
Title
Neurotransmitters as growth regulatory signals: role of receptors and second messengers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Voglis G, Tavernarakis N
Title
The role of synaptic ion channels in synaptic plasticity.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Altarejos JY, Montminy M
Title
CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bozzi Y, Borrelli E
Title
The role of dopamine signaling in epileptogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Ceulemans H, Bollen M
Title
Functional diversity of protein phosphatase-1, a cellular economizer and reset button.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lipinski RJ, Gipp JJ, Zhang J, Doles JD, Bushman W
Title
Unique and complimentary activities of the Gli transcription factors in Hedgehog signaling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lasala C, Schteingart HF, Arouche N, Bedecarras P, Grinspon RP, Picard JY, Josso N, di Clemente N, Rey RA
Title
SOX9 and SF1 are involved in cyclic AMP-mediated upregulation of anti-Mullerian gene expression in the testicular prepubertal Sertoli cell line SMAT1.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Rosenkranz AC, Rauch BH, Freidel K, Schror K
Title
Regulation of protease-activated receptor-1 by vasodilatory prostaglandins via NFAT.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lazennec G, Canaple L, Saugy D, Wahli W
Title
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) by their ligands and protein kinase A activators.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Murthy KS
Title
Signaling for contraction and relaxation in smooth muscle of the gut.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Birukova AA, Zagranichnaya T, Alekseeva E, Bokoch GM, Birukov KG
Title
Epac/Rap and PKA are novel mechanisms of ANP-induced Rac-mediated pulmonary endothelial barrier protection.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Houslay MD, Milligan G
Title
Tailoring cAMP-signalling responses through isoform multiplicity.
Journal
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KO pathway
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